Dinâmica da assembleia de aves associadas aos ambientes aquáticos do Parque Estadual do Aguapeí, São Paulo – Brasil, como contribuição para a conservação
Arquivos
Data
2021-03-04
Autores
Gallo, Nelson Antonio
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A diversidade de ambientes com abundância de áreas alagadiças, semelhantes ao complexo de ecossistemas do Pantanal é uma característica marcante do Parque Estadual do Aguapeí (PEA), localizado na região oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Este estudo analisa a dinâmica da assembleia de aves associadas aos ambientes aquáticos do PEA, com vistas a aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a avifauna local e os aspectos relacionados à sua conservação. As amostragens foram realizadas mensalmente entre abril de 2019 e março de 2020, por meio de transecto aquático embarcado, percorrendo todo o trecho do rio Aguapeí no interior do Parque. Foram registradas 161 espécies de aves, das quais 17% são aquáticas. Dez espécies constam na lista da fauna ameaçada de extinção no estado de São Paulo, e outras seis são consideradas quase ameaçadas. Os dados obtidos acrescentaram trinta novos registros para a lista de aves constante no Plano de Manejo do Parque. Observou-se que não houve variação significativa na abundância e na riqueza de aves na área estudada. Quanto à sazonalidade, a estação chuvosa apresentou abundância de espécies ligeiramente maior que a registrada na estação seca. A análise quanto aos níveis tróficos indicou a predominância de aves insetívoras, seguidas por onívoras, carnívoras e frugívoras, dados estes, semelhantes aos constatados por diversos autores em áreas associadas a ambientes aquáticos e florestais. Os dados obtidos preenchem uma importante lacuna do conhecimento sobre a área de ocorrência e status populacional de Crax fasciolata, espécie de interesse para a conservação e criticamente ameaçada de extinção no estado de São Paulo. O estudo aponta pela necessidade de ampliação do conhecimento sobre a biodiversidade local e sobre os fatores de pressão antrópicos do entorno que possam vir a impactar negativamente a comunidade de aves.
The diversity of the environments, similar to the Pantanal ecosystem, is a striking feature of the Aguapeí State Park (PEA), is located in the west region of São Paulo State. This study analyzes the dynamic of the birds’ assemblage associated to the aquatic environment from PEA, aiming to further the knowledge about the local avifauna and the aspects related to its conservation. The samplings took place monthly from April 2019 until March 2020 through onboard water transect, covering all the extension of the river inside the Park. It was registered 161 species of birds from which 17% are waterbirds. Ten species are listed as threatened with extinction in São Paulo State, and there are six others species considered near threatened. The data obtained thirty new register to the list of birds contained in the Management Plan from PEA. There was no main variation in the abundance and in the richness of the birds noticed among the studied sections. Seasonality, the rainy season had slightly higher abundance of species comparing with the dry season. The analysis on trophic levels indicated the predominance of insectivorous birds, which is similar to data previously found by several authors in areas associated with aquatic and forest environments. The data obtained fill an important knowledge gap on the area of occurrence and population status of Crax fasciolata, a species of interest for conservation and critically endangered in the state of São Paulo. The study points out the necessity of a greater knowledge on local biodiversity and also about the anthropic pressure factors in the surrounds which may negatively have impacts to birds’ community.
The diversity of the environments, similar to the Pantanal ecosystem, is a striking feature of the Aguapeí State Park (PEA), is located in the west region of São Paulo State. This study analyzes the dynamic of the birds’ assemblage associated to the aquatic environment from PEA, aiming to further the knowledge about the local avifauna and the aspects related to its conservation. The samplings took place monthly from April 2019 until March 2020 through onboard water transect, covering all the extension of the river inside the Park. It was registered 161 species of birds from which 17% are waterbirds. Ten species are listed as threatened with extinction in São Paulo State, and there are six others species considered near threatened. The data obtained thirty new register to the list of birds contained in the Management Plan from PEA. There was no main variation in the abundance and in the richness of the birds noticed among the studied sections. Seasonality, the rainy season had slightly higher abundance of species comparing with the dry season. The analysis on trophic levels indicated the predominance of insectivorous birds, which is similar to data previously found by several authors in areas associated with aquatic and forest environments. The data obtained fill an important knowledge gap on the area of occurrence and population status of Crax fasciolata, a species of interest for conservation and critically endangered in the state of São Paulo. The study points out the necessity of a greater knowledge on local biodiversity and also about the anthropic pressure factors in the surrounds which may negatively have impacts to birds’ community.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Áreas úmidas, Avifauna, Espécies ameaçadas, Conservação, Wetlands