Stakeholding e comunicação pública em espaços deliberativos de governança hídrica
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Data
2021-11-22
Autores
Ferreira, Vinícius Lauriano
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos busca a inserção de perspectivas plurais na governança das águas e a participação de diferentes atores no seu processo decisório. No Brasil, este modelo inspirou a criação dos Comitês de Bacia Hidrográfica, órgãos que, entre outras atribuições, decidem sobre a utilização e aplicação de recursos relativos ao uso da água. O encontro entre as perspectivas nesses espaços ocorre pela lógica deliberativa, constituída de igualdade e liberdade de participação e que visa atingir consensos acerca dos melhores destinos que devem ser dados aos recursos hídricos partilhados pelo grupo. O conceito de aprendizagem social propõe que os atores participantes possam aprender juntos a decidir juntos, em relação de interdependência. Esta dissertação analisou as relações comunicativas entre os atores envolvidos no percurso de aprendizagem, processo chamado de stakeholding, que trata da necessidade de se formar, reconhecer e aceitar a diversidade de perspectivas, em prol de uma ação conjunta e a formação de autoridade prática. O estudo foi desenvolvido no Comitê de Bacia Hidrográfica do Médio Paranapanema (CBH-MP), órgão de governança hídrica de 42 municípios no centro-sul do Estado de São Paulo. O objetivo foi investigar as práticas de comunicação que intervêm sobre os processos de stakeholding no CBH-MP, de modo a buscar conhecimento sobre suas dinâmicas, desafios, obstáculos e oportunidades de aperfeiçoamento da aprendizagem social e do processo deliberativo. O percurso metodológico realizado abrangeu a construção de seis categorias a partir da literatura, com as quais se elaborou um questionário semiestruturado para realização de entrevistas em profundidade com quinze membros e ex-membros do CBH-MP. A partir das análises das entrevistas foi possível identificar limites e oportunidades de aperfeiçoamento, em vista dos quais se propôs uma matriz de ações comunicativas que podem ser aplicadas por órgãos deliberativos que apresentem desafios semelhantes.
The integrated water resources management seeks the insertion of plural perspectives in water governance and the participation of different actors in its decision-making process. In Brazil, this model inspired the creation of the River Basin Committees, institutions that, among other attributions, decide on the use and application of resources related to the use of water. The meeting between the perspectives in these spaces occurs through the deliberative logic, constituted by equality and freedom of participation and which aims to reach consensus about the best destinations that should be given to the water resources shared by the group. The concept of social learning proposes that the participating actors can learn together to decide together, in an interdependent relationship. This dissertation analyzed the communicative relationships between the actors involved in the learning path, a process called stakeholding, which deals with the need to form, recognize and accept the diversity of perspectives, in favor of joint action and the formation of practical authority. The study was developed at the Médio Paranapanema River Basin Committee (CBH-MP), a water governance body for 42 municipalities in the south-central part of the State of São Paulo. The objective was to investigate the communication practices that intervene in the stakeholding processes at CBH-MP, in order to seek knowledge about their dynamics, challenges, obstacles and opportunities for improving social learning and the deliberative process. The methodological path undertaken covered the construction of six categories from the literature, with which a semi-structured questionnaire was designed to conduct in-depth interviews with fifteen members and former members of the CBH-MP. From the analysis of the interviews, it was possible to identify limits and opportunities for improvement, from which a matrix of communicative actions was proposed that can be applied by deliberative bodies that present similar challenges.
The integrated water resources management seeks the insertion of plural perspectives in water governance and the participation of different actors in its decision-making process. In Brazil, this model inspired the creation of the River Basin Committees, institutions that, among other attributions, decide on the use and application of resources related to the use of water. The meeting between the perspectives in these spaces occurs through the deliberative logic, constituted by equality and freedom of participation and which aims to reach consensus about the best destinations that should be given to the water resources shared by the group. The concept of social learning proposes that the participating actors can learn together to decide together, in an interdependent relationship. This dissertation analyzed the communicative relationships between the actors involved in the learning path, a process called stakeholding, which deals with the need to form, recognize and accept the diversity of perspectives, in favor of joint action and the formation of practical authority. The study was developed at the Médio Paranapanema River Basin Committee (CBH-MP), a water governance body for 42 municipalities in the south-central part of the State of São Paulo. The objective was to investigate the communication practices that intervene in the stakeholding processes at CBH-MP, in order to seek knowledge about their dynamics, challenges, obstacles and opportunities for improving social learning and the deliberative process. The methodological path undertaken covered the construction of six categories from the literature, with which a semi-structured questionnaire was designed to conduct in-depth interviews with fifteen members and former members of the CBH-MP. From the analysis of the interviews, it was possible to identify limits and opportunities for improvement, from which a matrix of communicative actions was proposed that can be applied by deliberative bodies that present similar challenges.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Governança hídrica, Comitês de bacia hidrográfica, Deliberação, Aprendizagem social, Comunicação pública, Water governance, River basin committees, Social learning, Public communication, Deliberation