Efeitos do propofol associado ou não à xilazina ou dexmedetomidina na indução da anestesia, em suínos pré-medicados com cetamina e midazolam e mantidos com isofluorano
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2021-10-25
Autores
Santana, Isabella Nogueira
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivou-se comparar os efeitos do propofol isolado ou associado a dexmedetomidina ou xilazina, na indução da anestesia em suínos pré-medicados com cetamina e midazolam e mantidos com isofluorano. Foram utilizados oito animais (n=24), pré-medicados com cetamina na dose de 10 mg/kg e midazolam na dose de 0,5 mg/kg. Os suínos compuseram três grupos, denominados GP (propofol isolado), GPD (propofol e dexmedetomidina), GPX (propofol e xilazina). Foi utilizada dexmedetomidina na dose de 2 µg/kg para o GPD e de xilazina na dose de 0,5 mg/kg para o grupo GPX, seguido de bolus de propofol sendo a dose calculada pelo total de volume infundido. Foram mensurados parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios em todos os grupos, 15 minutos após a administração intramuscular da associação de cetamina e midazolam (M15), imediatamente após a intubação (Mint1) e sucessivamente foram avaliados a cada dez minutos, durante uma hora, correspondendo aos momentos Mint10, Mint20, Mint30, Mint40, Mint50 e Mint60. Complementarmente, foram avaliadas algumas variáveis do período de recuperação e escores de qualidade de indução e intubação. A dose do propofol necessária para a intubação orotraqueal foi mensurada em todos os grupos. Os dados relacionados aos animais no pré e pós-anestésico, foram avaliados através do teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis para variáveis quantitativas e teste exato de Fisher para tabelas de contingência. Para avaliação dos momentos e grupo anestésicos foi utilizado a ANOVA. Os valores foram significativos quando o cálculo da diferença mínima apresentou p < 0,05. O tempo de extubação foi menor no grupo GPD, assim como o tempo para capacidade de se locomover do grupo GP foi menor que o GPX. O grupo GP apresentou maior numero ocorrências como apneia. Na variável frequência respiratória no momento M15 o grupo GPD apresentou maiores médias que os demais momentos e o grupo GP exibiu médias maiores no momento M15 quando comparado ao Mint1, Mint10, Mint30 e Mint40. Para a variável dióxido de carbono ao final da expiração (ETCO2), o grupo GP apresentou valores menores que o GPX e GPD. A saturação da Oxihemoglobina (SpO2) exibiu médias menores apenas no momento M15 nos grupos GP e GPX. Na avaliação cardiovascular o grupo GP apresentou médias menores de frequência cardíaca que os demais em todos os momentos. As demais variáveis não apresentaram diferença estatísticas significativa entre si. Conclui-se que, a associação de propofol associado a xilazina ou dexmedetomidina promove alterações cardiorrespiratorias discretas. A xilazina ou dexmedetomidina, quando associadas ao propofol, promovem redução na sua dose em 26% e 13%, respectivamente. A dexmedetomidina apresentou redução de 37% do consumo de isofluorano e em suínos os fármacos em teste determinam hipercapnia.
The objective is to compare the effects of propofol alone or associated with dexmedetomidine or xylazine, in inducing anesthesia in pigs premedicated with ketamine and midazolam and using isofluorane. Twenty-four animals (n = 8) were used, premedicated with ketamine at a dose of 10 mg / kg and midazolam at a dose of 0.5 mg / kg. The pigs were composed in three groups, called GP (propofol alone), GPD (propofol and dexmedetomidine), GPX (propofol and xylazine). A dose of propofol was provided by the total volume infused and its administration after the dexmedetomidine bolus at a dose of 2 µg / kg for the GPD and xylazine at a dose of 0.5 mg / kg for the GPX group. Cardiorespiratory parameters were measured in all groups, 15 minutes after the intramuscular administration of the combination of ketamine and midazolam (M15), immediately after intubation (Mint1) and successively they were taken every ten minutes, for one hour, corresponding to the Mint10 moments, Mint20, Mint30, Mint40, Mint50 and Mint60. In addition, the recovery period and induction and intubation quality scores were taken. A dose of propofol required for orotracheal intubation was measured in all groups. The data related to animals in the pre and post-anesthetic, were obtained through the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test for quantitative variables and Fisher's exact test for contingency tables. To assess the moments and anesthetic group, an ANOVA was used. The values were calculated when the difference calculation showed p <0.05. The extubation time was different between the GP, GPD and GPX groups, as well as the time to assume the quadrupedal position of the GP group was different from the GPX. The GP group has a greater number of reactions such as apnea. In the variable respiratory rate, the GPD group showing a significant difference at the M15 moment and the GP group showed higher averages at the M15 moment when compared to Mint1, Mint10, Mint30 and Mint40. For the variable carbon dioxide at the end of expiration (ETCO2), the GP group had lower values than the GPX and GPD. Oxyhemoglobin (SpO2) saturation showed results only at the moment M15 in the GP and GPX groups. In the cardiovascular evaluation, the GP group presented lower heart rate values than the others at all times. The other variables do not differentiate between each other. It can be concluded that the association of xylazine and dexmedetomidine and propofol promotes mild cardiorespiratory changes. Xylazine and dexmedetomidine, when combined with propofol, reduce its dose by 26% and 13%, respectively. The dexmedetomidine showed a 37% reduction in isoflurane and in swine the drugs tested determine hypercapnia.
The objective is to compare the effects of propofol alone or associated with dexmedetomidine or xylazine, in inducing anesthesia in pigs premedicated with ketamine and midazolam and using isofluorane. Twenty-four animals (n = 8) were used, premedicated with ketamine at a dose of 10 mg / kg and midazolam at a dose of 0.5 mg / kg. The pigs were composed in three groups, called GP (propofol alone), GPD (propofol and dexmedetomidine), GPX (propofol and xylazine). A dose of propofol was provided by the total volume infused and its administration after the dexmedetomidine bolus at a dose of 2 µg / kg for the GPD and xylazine at a dose of 0.5 mg / kg for the GPX group. Cardiorespiratory parameters were measured in all groups, 15 minutes after the intramuscular administration of the combination of ketamine and midazolam (M15), immediately after intubation (Mint1) and successively they were taken every ten minutes, for one hour, corresponding to the Mint10 moments, Mint20, Mint30, Mint40, Mint50 and Mint60. In addition, the recovery period and induction and intubation quality scores were taken. A dose of propofol required for orotracheal intubation was measured in all groups. The data related to animals in the pre and post-anesthetic, were obtained through the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test for quantitative variables and Fisher's exact test for contingency tables. To assess the moments and anesthetic group, an ANOVA was used. The values were calculated when the difference calculation showed p <0.05. The extubation time was different between the GP, GPD and GPX groups, as well as the time to assume the quadrupedal position of the GP group was different from the GPX. The GP group has a greater number of reactions such as apnea. In the variable respiratory rate, the GPD group showing a significant difference at the M15 moment and the GP group showed higher averages at the M15 moment when compared to Mint1, Mint10, Mint30 and Mint40. For the variable carbon dioxide at the end of expiration (ETCO2), the GP group had lower values than the GPX and GPD. Oxyhemoglobin (SpO2) saturation showed results only at the moment M15 in the GP and GPX groups. In the cardiovascular evaluation, the GP group presented lower heart rate values than the others at all times. The other variables do not differentiate between each other. It can be concluded that the association of xylazine and dexmedetomidine and propofol promotes mild cardiorespiratory changes. Xylazine and dexmedetomidine, when combined with propofol, reduce its dose by 26% and 13%, respectively. The dexmedetomidine showed a 37% reduction in isoflurane and in swine the drugs tested determine hypercapnia.
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Palavras-chave
Suínos, Anestesia, Recuperação, Indução, Swine, Anesthesia, Recovery, Induction