Desenvolvimento, nutrição e produção de Ora-Pro-Nóbis (Pereskia aculeata) em função da adubação mineral e inoculação com bactérias promotoras de crescimento
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Data
2021-12-17
Autores
Buschieri, Camila Miranda
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Pereskia aculeata Miller, popularmente conhecida como Ora-pro-nóbis é nativa da América do Sul e suas folhas suculentas são uma grande fonte de proteínas (26%) considerada como “carne vegetal”. A hipótese desta pesquisa é que a inoculação com bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas (BPCP), juntamente com a adubação com NPK possa contribuir para nutrição e desenvolvimento da Ora-pro-nóbis. Posto isso, objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento das plantas e estado nutricional de Ora-pro-nóbis mediante à adubação mineral com NPK e inoculação com BPCPs. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em esquema fatorial (2x4) com 8 tratamentos e 4 repetições, totalizando 32 vasos de 21,5L cada. O primeiro fator foi constituído por duas adubações minerais (1- ausência e 2- presença NPK), o segundo fator foi constituído por 4 inoculações de bactérias (1- Ausência, 2- Azospirillum brasilense, 3- Bacillus subtilis, 4- Pseudomonas fluorescens). As bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas testadas influenciaram de forma diferenciada na nutrição de plantas e podem interferir no desenvolvimento da Ora-pro-nóbis, com ou sem a adubação mineral com NPK. A adubação com NPK propicia maior ICF e teores de Fe e Mn nas raízes, sendo estes últimos sem inocular com BPCPs. Os maiores teores foliares de Cu e Zn na folhas são obtidos sem a adubação mineral. A não inoculação promoveu menor matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes, maior teor de Mn foliar, indepentemente da adubação NPK. O Bacillus subtilis teve pouco influencia na Ora-pro-nóbis, embora tenha propicionado maiores teores de Ca e Mg nas raízes. A inoculação com Pseudomonas fluorescens aliada a ausência de adubação resultou em menor altura de planta, porém favoreceu acúmulo de matéria seca nas raízes e maior teor de S foliar, sob adubação e a inoculação com esta bactéria proporcionou maior teor foliar de K. A inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense obteve maiores resultados para Ora-pro-nóbis, pois mesmo na ausência de da adubação propiciou maior número de folhas por planta (produto colhido para consumo), massas verde e seca de parte aérea, número de ramos por planta, teor de N foliar (ou seja, maior teor de proteína bruta), teor de Zn foliar, teores de P e Zn nas raízes, além do menor teor de Mn nas folhas.
Pereskia aculeata Miller, popularly known as ora-pro-nobis is native to South America and its succulent leaves are a great source of protein (26%) considered as “vegetable meat”. The hypothesis of this research is that inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (BPCP) together with fertilization with NPK can contribute to the nutrition and development of ora-pro-nobis. That said, the objective was to evaluate the development of plants and nutritional status of ora-pro-nóbis through mineral fertilization with NPK and inoculation with BPCPs. The design used was completely randomized (DIC) in a factorial scheme (2x4) with 8 treatments and 4 replications, totaling 32 pots. The factors of the experiment were constituted by mineral fertilization (1- absence and 2- presence NPK) the second factor was constituted by 4 inoculations of bacteria (1- Absence, 2- Azospirillum brasilense, 3- Bacillus subtilis, 4- Pseudomonas fluorescens). The growth-promoting bacteria of plants tested influenced differently on plant nutrition and may interfere with the development of ora-pro-nobis, with or without mineral fertilization with NPK. Fertilization with NPK provides higher ICF and Fe and Mn contents in the roots, the latter being without inoculation with BPCPs. The highest foliar contents of Cu and Zn in the leaves are obtained without mineral fertilization. Non-inoculation promoted lower shoot and root dry matter content, higher leaf Mn content, regardless of NPK fertilization. Bacillus subtilis had little influence on ora-pro-nóbis, although it provided higher Ca and Mg contents in the roots. Inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens combined with the absence of fertilization promoted lower plant height, and in the absence of mineral fertilization, it provided higher root dry matter and leaf S content, while when the fertilization was carried out there was an emphasis on higher leaf K content. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense had better results for ora-pro-nóbis, because even in the absence of fertilization it provided a greater number of leaves per plant (harvested product for consumption), green and dry mass of aerial part, number of branches per plant, leaf N content (ie, higher crude protein content), leaf Zn content, P and Zn content in the roots, in addition to the lower Mn content in the leaves.
Pereskia aculeata Miller, popularly known as ora-pro-nobis is native to South America and its succulent leaves are a great source of protein (26%) considered as “vegetable meat”. The hypothesis of this research is that inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (BPCP) together with fertilization with NPK can contribute to the nutrition and development of ora-pro-nobis. That said, the objective was to evaluate the development of plants and nutritional status of ora-pro-nóbis through mineral fertilization with NPK and inoculation with BPCPs. The design used was completely randomized (DIC) in a factorial scheme (2x4) with 8 treatments and 4 replications, totaling 32 pots. The factors of the experiment were constituted by mineral fertilization (1- absence and 2- presence NPK) the second factor was constituted by 4 inoculations of bacteria (1- Absence, 2- Azospirillum brasilense, 3- Bacillus subtilis, 4- Pseudomonas fluorescens). The growth-promoting bacteria of plants tested influenced differently on plant nutrition and may interfere with the development of ora-pro-nobis, with or without mineral fertilization with NPK. Fertilization with NPK provides higher ICF and Fe and Mn contents in the roots, the latter being without inoculation with BPCPs. The highest foliar contents of Cu and Zn in the leaves are obtained without mineral fertilization. Non-inoculation promoted lower shoot and root dry matter content, higher leaf Mn content, regardless of NPK fertilization. Bacillus subtilis had little influence on ora-pro-nóbis, although it provided higher Ca and Mg contents in the roots. Inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens combined with the absence of fertilization promoted lower plant height, and in the absence of mineral fertilization, it provided higher root dry matter and leaf S content, while when the fertilization was carried out there was an emphasis on higher leaf K content. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense had better results for ora-pro-nóbis, because even in the absence of fertilization it provided a greater number of leaves per plant (harvested product for consumption), green and dry mass of aerial part, number of branches per plant, leaf N content (ie, higher crude protein content), leaf Zn content, P and Zn content in the roots, in addition to the lower Mn content in the leaves.
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Palavras-chave
adubação com NPK, Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, PANCs, hortaliças não convencionais., Adubação com NPK, Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, PANCs, Hortaliças não convencionais, NPK fertilization, Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Unconventional vegetables