Revisão bibliográfica sobre as evidências científicas da possível ação da ivermectina frente ao SARS-CoV-2
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Data
2021-12-17
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A pandemia de COVID-19 se instalou ao redor do mundo trazendo muitas incertezas devido ao desconhecimento do vírus denominado SARS-CoV-2 e, consequentemente, a falta de opções terapêuticas para controlar a doença, o que gerou uma sobrecarga nos sistemas de saúde e a busca incessante por uma opção terapêutica que apresentasse resultados. Devido à urgência do contexto pandêmico, descobrir um novo fármaco era menos viável do que a possibilidade de testar se medicamentos já existentes poderiam ter efeito sobre o novo vírus, principalmente ao se considerar que deveria ser um medicamento de fácil acesso e com um perfil de segurança bem estabelecido. Assim, pesquisadores começaram a buscar opções terapêuticas já existentes baseadas nos sintomas causados pela doença e uma classe medicamentos de escolha foram os antiparasitários, mais especificamente a ivermectina. A ivermectina já havia apresentado alguns resultados em testes com outros tipos de vírus, como o da dengue e Zika, e os testes in vitro com o SARS-CoV-2 trouxeram alguns resultados promissores. Com isso, o medicamento foi testado de diversas formas, desde a prevenção até em pacientes com casos graves da doença estabelecida, assim como novas formas de administração na tentativa de atingir as possíveis doses necessárias para o tratamento. A revisão de literatura sobre o tema revela uma série de observações contraditórias sobre o efeito da ivermectina na COVID-19 e não aponta, com segurança, sua utilização com eficácia na terapêutica dessa doença.
The COVID-19 pandemic was installed around the world, bringing much concern due to the lack of knowledge of the new virus called SARS-CoV-2 and consequently the lack of therapeutic options to control the disease, which generated an overload on health systems and the incessant search for a therapeutic option that would show results. Due to the urgency of the pandemic context, discovering a new drug was less viable than the possibility of testing whether existing drugs have an effect on this new virus, especially considering that it should be an easily accessible drug with a well-established safety profile. Thus, researchers began to look for therapeutic options that already exist based on the symptoms caused by the disease, which one of the drugs of choice being antiparasitic, more specifically ivermectin. Ivermectin had already shown some results in tests with other types of viruses, such as dengue and Zika virus, and in vitro tests with SARS-CoV-2 brought promising results. Thus, the drug was tested in several ways, from prevention to patients with severe cases of the disease, as well as new ways of administration to reach the possible doses necessary for the treatment. The literature review on the subject reveals a series of contradictory observations about the effect of ivermectin on COVID-19 and does not safely point out its effective use in the treatment of this disease.
The COVID-19 pandemic was installed around the world, bringing much concern due to the lack of knowledge of the new virus called SARS-CoV-2 and consequently the lack of therapeutic options to control the disease, which generated an overload on health systems and the incessant search for a therapeutic option that would show results. Due to the urgency of the pandemic context, discovering a new drug was less viable than the possibility of testing whether existing drugs have an effect on this new virus, especially considering that it should be an easily accessible drug with a well-established safety profile. Thus, researchers began to look for therapeutic options that already exist based on the symptoms caused by the disease, which one of the drugs of choice being antiparasitic, more specifically ivermectin. Ivermectin had already shown some results in tests with other types of viruses, such as dengue and Zika virus, and in vitro tests with SARS-CoV-2 brought promising results. Thus, the drug was tested in several ways, from prevention to patients with severe cases of the disease, as well as new ways of administration to reach the possible doses necessary for the treatment. The literature review on the subject reveals a series of contradictory observations about the effect of ivermectin on COVID-19 and does not safely point out its effective use in the treatment of this disease.
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ivermectina, COVID-19, tratamento, prevenção, SARS-CoV-2, administração medicamentosa, ivermectin, treatment, prevention