Avaliação toxicológica de sedimento de uma área de mineração de ouro (Paracatu - MG)
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Data
2022-01-13
Autores
Panchera, Kemellyn Cristina
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O estado de Minas Gerais é o que recebe maior investimento do setor extrativista mineral, sendo o ouro um mineral de destaque nesse estado. Porém, apesar da alta relevância econômica, a mineração pode proporcionar consequências desastrosas e silenciosas para as cidades que as abrigam. Paracatu-MG abriga a maior mina de ouro a céu aberto do país, a Mina Morro do Ouro. No presente estudo, foram analisados os potenciais citotóxico, genotóxico e mutagênico de amostras de sedimento (extratos solubilizado e lixiviado) de 4 diferentes rios da cidade de Paracatu, totalizando 7 pontos de coleta/análise. Os pontos P1, P2 e P3 foram coletados do Córrego Rico, que nasce dentro da mineradora, sendo que P1 foi coletado próximo à mineradora; P2, pouco antes do perímetro urbano de Paracatu e P3, no final do perímetro urbano. O ponto P4 foi coletado no Córrego Santo Antônio, por este ponto estar localizado logo após a bacia de rejeitos da mineradora. Seguindo o córrego Santo Antônio, foi coletado o ponto P5 no córrego Santa Rita, logo após o encontro do Córrego Santo Antônio com o Córrego Santa Rita. Seguindo o córrego Santa Rita, foi coletada uma amostra no Córrego São Pedro (P6), após o encontro destes dois rios. O último ponto (P7) foi coletado próximo à ETA (Estação de Tratamento de Água) da cidade de Paracatu, no Ribeirão Santa Izabel, antes da captação de água de abastecimento do município. Para o extrato solubilizado, os testes de citotoxicidade, mostraram que os pontos P1, P2, P3, P5, P6 e P7 apresentaram valores significativos, quando comparados com o controle negativo (CN). Os testes de genotoxicidade realizados com amostras do extrato solubilizado indicaram que os pontos P5 e P6 apresentaram valores significativos para esse parâmetro, enquanto que para os testes de mutagenicidade com células F1, nenhum dos pontos apresentou resultados significativos. Pelos dados dos ensaios do MN, realizados em células meristemáticas e F1 das raízes de A. cepa, é possível inferir que os MNs observados nas células meristemáticas não podem ser considerados como endpoint de mutagenicidade mas sim de genotoxicidade, pois não houve transferência dos danos para as células filhas. Além disso, os pontos P5 e P6, que se mostraram genotóxicos, indicam que há uma provável transferência de contaminação das áreas das barragens para outros locais, pela interação existente entre os rios da região. Quanto ao extrato lixiviado, os pontos, ao serem comparados com o controle da solução de extração não apresentaram resultados significativos para nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. Esses dados alertam para possíveis riscos à saúde da população de Paracatu e para possíveis impactos ambientais, associados com as atividades de mineração.
Minas Gerais state is the one that receives the biggest part of the invests from mineral extractive sector and gold is an ore that gets highlighted in this state. However, despite the economic relevance, mining can cause harmful and silent consequences for cities that contains mining companies. Paracatu – MG is the city that contains the biggest gold open mining of the country, the Morro de Ouro mine. In this study, cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic potentials of solubilized and leached extracts samples of sediment from four different rivers from Paracatu were assessed, totalizing 7 points of collect/assessment. The points P1, P2 and P3 were collected from Rico stream, that is born inside the mining company, being that P1 was collected next to the mining company, P2, a bit before the urban perimeter of Paracatu and P3, at the end of the urban perimeter. The point P4 were collected from Santo Antônio stream, because this point is located right after the mining company's tailings pond. Following the Santo Antônio stream, the point P5 was collected from Santa Rita stream, right after the meeting of Santo Antônio e Santa Rita streams. Following the Santa Rita stream, a sample was collected from São Pedro stream (P6), right after the meeting of the two rivers. The last point (P7) was collected next to the water treatment station of the city, from Santa Izabel stream before the municipality's water supply. In relation to the solubilized extract, cytotoxic potential assessment showed that points P1, P2, P3, P5, P6 and P7 are statistically significant, when compared with negative control. The assessment of genotoxicity of solubilized extract indicated that points P5 and P6 presented significative values for this parameter, while the mutagenic test with F1 cells showed that any of the point was statistically significant. The Micronucleus assay showed that is possible to deduce that the micronuclei observed in meristematic cells must be considered genotoxicity endpoints and not mutagenicity endpoints, because there was no transfer of damage to the daughter cells. Moreover, the points P5 and P6, that showed a significative result for genotoxic potential, show that there is a likely transference of contamination from the dam areas to other places, through interaction between the local rivers. About the leached extract, when the points were compared with the extraction solution control, they did not show any statistically significant result for any of the assessed parameters These results warn to potential damages to population health and environmental impacts causing by mining activities in Paracatu.
Minas Gerais state is the one that receives the biggest part of the invests from mineral extractive sector and gold is an ore that gets highlighted in this state. However, despite the economic relevance, mining can cause harmful and silent consequences for cities that contains mining companies. Paracatu – MG is the city that contains the biggest gold open mining of the country, the Morro de Ouro mine. In this study, cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic potentials of solubilized and leached extracts samples of sediment from four different rivers from Paracatu were assessed, totalizing 7 points of collect/assessment. The points P1, P2 and P3 were collected from Rico stream, that is born inside the mining company, being that P1 was collected next to the mining company, P2, a bit before the urban perimeter of Paracatu and P3, at the end of the urban perimeter. The point P4 were collected from Santo Antônio stream, because this point is located right after the mining company's tailings pond. Following the Santo Antônio stream, the point P5 was collected from Santa Rita stream, right after the meeting of Santo Antônio e Santa Rita streams. Following the Santa Rita stream, a sample was collected from São Pedro stream (P6), right after the meeting of the two rivers. The last point (P7) was collected next to the water treatment station of the city, from Santa Izabel stream before the municipality's water supply. In relation to the solubilized extract, cytotoxic potential assessment showed that points P1, P2, P3, P5, P6 and P7 are statistically significant, when compared with negative control. The assessment of genotoxicity of solubilized extract indicated that points P5 and P6 presented significative values for this parameter, while the mutagenic test with F1 cells showed that any of the point was statistically significant. The Micronucleus assay showed that is possible to deduce that the micronuclei observed in meristematic cells must be considered genotoxicity endpoints and not mutagenicity endpoints, because there was no transfer of damage to the daughter cells. Moreover, the points P5 and P6, that showed a significative result for genotoxic potential, show that there is a likely transference of contamination from the dam areas to other places, through interaction between the local rivers. About the leached extract, when the points were compared with the extraction solution control, they did not show any statistically significant result for any of the assessed parameters These results warn to potential damages to population health and environmental impacts causing by mining activities in Paracatu.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Allium cepa, Mutagenicidade, Genotoxicidade, Citotoxicidade, Solubilizado, Lixiviado, Mutagenicity, Genotocixity, Citototoxicity, Solubilized extract, Leached extract