Avaliação clínico-laboratorial da pancreatite canina e felina: revisão de literatura
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Data
2022-01-20
Autores
Souza Junior, Wendel Carlos de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A pancreatite é uma doença gastrointestinal caracterizada pela inflamação do pâncreas exócrino, sendo classificada nos estágios agudo e crônico. É difundida mundialmente, acometendo tanto cães quanto gatos, apresentando inespecificidade em seus sinais clínicos. Sua etiologia é pouco elucidada para ambas as espécies, podendo envolver fatores genéticos e/ou ambientais. Os achados clínico-laboratoriais são de suma importância na investigação da pancreatite, devido à sua sintomatologia inespecífica. Na patologia clínica, evidencia-se anemia leve ou eritrocitose, com leucocitose ou leucopenia, além de enzimas séricas hepáticas aumentadas e anormalidades eletrolíticas no exame bioquímico. Os marcadores sorológicos alternativos de função pancreática também podem ser de grande valia no auxílio diagnóstico. Dentre estes, ressalta-se a Imunorreatividade da Lipase Pancreática, a mais usada dentre os marcadores, a Imunorreatividade Semelhante à Tripsina, não tão usada devido a algumas limitações diagnósticas, a Atividade Sérica da Amilase e Lipase, em desuso para cães e gatos, além de outros marcadores pouco estudados e elucidados, como a elastase-1 pancreática, a fosfolipase A2, os complexos da tripsina-ɑ1-antitripsina, as ɑ2-macroglobulinas, as concentrações de peptídeo ativador do tripsinogênio em plasma e urina e a atividade da lipase em líquidos peritoneais. Neste contexto, o presente estudo revisou os principais aspectos da avaliação clínico-laboratorial da pancreatite em cães e gatos, revisando sua etiologia, avaliação clínica e diagnóstico laboratorial, envolvendo seus marcadores sorológicos alternativos, além da histopatologia do pâncreas como padrão ouro ao diagnóstico da doença.
Pancreatitis is a gastrointestinal disease characterized by inflammation of the exocrine pancreas, classified into acute and chronic stages. It is widespread worldwide, affecting both dogs and cats, presenting nonspecific clinical signs. It is etiology is poorly understood for both species and may involve genetic and/or environmental factors. Clinical and laboratory findings are of paramount importance in the investigation of pancreatitis, due to it is nonspecific symptoms. Clinical pathology shows mild anemia or erythrocytosis, with leukocytosis or leukopenia, in addition to increased serum liver enzymes and electrolyte abnormalities on biochemical examination. Alternative serological markers of pancreatitis function can also be of great value in diagnostic aid. Among these, the Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity stands out, which is commonly the most used among the markers, the Trypsin-Like Immunoreactivity, not so used due to some diagnostic limitations, the Serum Amylase and Lipase activities, in disuse for dogs and cats, in addition to other poorly studied and elucidated markers, such as pancreatic elastase-1, phospholipase A2, trypsin-ɑ1-antitrypsin complexes, ɑ2-macroglobulins, plasma and urine concentrations of trypsinogen activation peptide, and lipase activity in peritoneal fluid. In this context, the present study reviewed the main aspects of the clinical-laboratory evaluation of canine and feline pancreatitis, reviewing it is etiology, clinical evaluation and laboratory diagnosis, involving alternative serological markers, in addition to pancreatic histopathology as the gold standard diagnosis of the disease.
Pancreatitis is a gastrointestinal disease characterized by inflammation of the exocrine pancreas, classified into acute and chronic stages. It is widespread worldwide, affecting both dogs and cats, presenting nonspecific clinical signs. It is etiology is poorly understood for both species and may involve genetic and/or environmental factors. Clinical and laboratory findings are of paramount importance in the investigation of pancreatitis, due to it is nonspecific symptoms. Clinical pathology shows mild anemia or erythrocytosis, with leukocytosis or leukopenia, in addition to increased serum liver enzymes and electrolyte abnormalities on biochemical examination. Alternative serological markers of pancreatitis function can also be of great value in diagnostic aid. Among these, the Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity stands out, which is commonly the most used among the markers, the Trypsin-Like Immunoreactivity, not so used due to some diagnostic limitations, the Serum Amylase and Lipase activities, in disuse for dogs and cats, in addition to other poorly studied and elucidated markers, such as pancreatic elastase-1, phospholipase A2, trypsin-ɑ1-antitrypsin complexes, ɑ2-macroglobulins, plasma and urine concentrations of trypsinogen activation peptide, and lipase activity in peritoneal fluid. In this context, the present study reviewed the main aspects of the clinical-laboratory evaluation of canine and feline pancreatitis, reviewing it is etiology, clinical evaluation and laboratory diagnosis, involving alternative serological markers, in addition to pancreatic histopathology as the gold standard diagnosis of the disease.
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Palavras-chave
Pancreatite, Pâncreas exócrino, Diagnóstico laboratorial, Pancreatitis, Exocrine pancreas, Laboratory evaluation