Projeto de recinto para a conservação ex situ de thamnophilídeos paludícolas ameaçados de extinção
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Data
2022-01-19
Autores
Sandretti-Silva, Giovanna
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A conservação ex situ consorciada com a in situ é um caminho obrigatório para muitas espécies. Deve-se utilizar-se espécies modelos menos ameaçadas e projetar recintos baseados na biologia. Formicivora paludicola e F. acutirostris são duas aves insetívoras de brejos ameaçadas de extinção. Usando F. acutirostris como modelo, objetivamos projetar um recinto para a conservação ex situ dessa espécie e F. paludicola. Efetuamos trabalhos de campo com F. acutirostris, revisão bibliográfica e da legislação e visitas a criadouro. Projetamos um recinto para um casal de F. acutirostris com 72,2 m² (centésima parte do território médio da espécie), sendo 42 m² de brejos, cercado com telas duplas de diferentes tamanhos. O canto noroeste é abrigado com placas de policarbonato e o sudoeste é parcialmente sombreado. O recinto apresenta quatro tanques com 6,5 m de comprimento e 1,65 m de largura, com piso nuvem ao fundo para o estabelecimento das plantas. Os tanques possuem desnível e são conectados por canos que permitem dois níveis de profundidade de água, para enriquecimento ambiental. Os tanques serão vegetados com plantas nativas que reproduzem duas das fitofisionomias mais importantes para F. acutirostris, além de uma terceira para prover material nidular. O recinto poderá ser dividido ao meio para testar a manutenção em metade da área. O enriquecimento com módulos de vegetação que reproduzem paisagem do campo é o diferencial do projeto, aliado a oferta de formigas, material nidular e alimento adaptado. Recomenda-se iniciar com a tentativa de manutenção das plantas. O projeto poderá ser de grande replicação.
Ex situ conservation combined with in situ conservation is an obligatory path for many species. Less threatened species should be used as models and enclosures must be designed based on biology. Formicivora paludicola and F. acutirostris are two endangered insectivorous marsh birds. Using F. acutirostris as a model, we aimed to design an enclosure for the ex situ conservation of this species and F. paludicola. We carried out field work with F. acutirostris, reviewed literature and legislation, and visited a breeding center. We designed an enclosure for a pair of F. acutirostris measuring 72 m² (one-hundredth of the species' average territory size), 42 m² of which are marshes, surrounded by double mesh of different sizes. The northwest corner is sheltered with polycarbonate panels, and the southwest is partially shaded. The enclosure has four tanks 6.5 m long and 1.65 m wide, with a plastic structure on the floor for the establishment of plants. The tanks are inclined and connected by pipes that allow two levels of water depth, for environmental enrichment. The tanks will be vegetated with native plants that duplicate two of the most important phytophysiognomies for F. acutirostris, as well as a third to provide nesting material. The enclosure may be split to test maintenance on half of the area. The novelty of our design is the inclusion of vegetation modules that reproduce the landscape, providing ants, nest material and adapted food. It is recommended to start trying to maintain the plants. The design could be easily replicated.
Ex situ conservation combined with in situ conservation is an obligatory path for many species. Less threatened species should be used as models and enclosures must be designed based on biology. Formicivora paludicola and F. acutirostris are two endangered insectivorous marsh birds. Using F. acutirostris as a model, we aimed to design an enclosure for the ex situ conservation of this species and F. paludicola. We carried out field work with F. acutirostris, reviewed literature and legislation, and visited a breeding center. We designed an enclosure for a pair of F. acutirostris measuring 72 m² (one-hundredth of the species' average territory size), 42 m² of which are marshes, surrounded by double mesh of different sizes. The northwest corner is sheltered with polycarbonate panels, and the southwest is partially shaded. The enclosure has four tanks 6.5 m long and 1.65 m wide, with a plastic structure on the floor for the establishment of plants. The tanks are inclined and connected by pipes that allow two levels of water depth, for environmental enrichment. The tanks will be vegetated with native plants that duplicate two of the most important phytophysiognomies for F. acutirostris, as well as a third to provide nesting material. The enclosure may be split to test maintenance on half of the area. The novelty of our design is the inclusion of vegetation modules that reproduce the landscape, providing ants, nest material and adapted food. It is recommended to start trying to maintain the plants. The design could be easily replicated.
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Palavras-chave
Formicivora acutirostris, Formicivora paludicola, Formação pioneira, Espécie modelo, Design naturalista, Ave, Conservação