Fertilidade e atividade microbiológica do solo arenoso em floresta plantada de eucalipto, e sua relação com os resíduos da colheita
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Data
2022-02-01
Autores
Neves, Thalita Vicente das
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O cultivo do eucalipto vem se destacando no setor florestal brasileiro, principalmente por se concentrar em áreas de baixa fertilidade natural. Isso ocorre, pois, a cultura do eucalipto apresenta maior adaptabilidade, em relação a outras culturas agrícolas, a este tipo de ambiente edáfico. Visando identificar e quantificar manejos que contribuam para o desenvolvimento sustentável da cultura do eucalipto, diferentes sistemas de manejo do resíduo da colheita (SMRC) foram implantados em área experimental. Estes avaliam se a deposição do material orgânico residual da colheita, melhora as condições edáficas do solo, por meio da ciclagem de nutrientes e do aporte de matéria orgânica. O estudo foi realizado em plantio comercial de Eucalyptus urograndis (clone E13) no município de Água Clara (MS). O solo foi classificado como Neossolo Quartzarênico, de textura arenosa e os SMRC empregados foram: cut-to-length (CTL= manutenção de 100% dos resíduos da colheita na área); bare (BA= retirada de 100% dos resíduos e da serapilheira, por meio de varrição); bare litter (BL = remoção de 100% dos resíduos da colheita na área com entrada de serapilheira) e tree-length (TL= retirada da casca e manutenção dos demais resíduos). Foram coletadas amostras compostas, nas profundidades de 0,00 a 0,05 e 0,05 a 0,10 m, foram coletadas. Nestas quantificou-se o carbono orgânico total (COT), o carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), a respiração basal do solo (RBS), quocientes metabólico (qCO2) e microbiano (qMic), além da fertilidade do solo (P, MO, pH, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, Al, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn). Os SMRC proporcionaram variações nas condições químicas do solo e permitiram pontuar, que no SMRC CTL, MO, Ca2+, Mg2+, SB e CTC superaram os valores observados nos demais tratamentos. Os efeitos da interação tempo decorrido x SMRC foram significativos para MO, S-SO4 e Fe. Os SMRC promoveram mudanças significativas no COT, CBM, RBS e qCO2 e a permanência de todos os resíduos na área é promissora no input de matéria orgânica no sistema.
Eucalyptus cultivation has been highlighted in the Brazilian forestry sector, mainly because it is concentrated in areas of low natural fertility. This occurs because the eucalyptus crop presents greater adaptability, in relation to other agricultural crops, to this type of edaphic environment. In order to identify and quantify management practices that contribute to the sustainable development of the eucalyptus crop, different harvest residue management systems (SMRC) were implemented in an experimental área. These evaluate whether the deposition of residual organic material from the harvest improves soil edaphic conditions, through nutrient cycling and the contribution of organic matter. The study was carried out in a commercial plantation of Eucalyptus urograndis (clone E13) in the municipality of Água Clara (MS). The soil was classified as Quartzarenic Neosol, with a sandy texture and the SMRC used were: cut-to-length (CTL= maintenance of 100% of harvest residues in the area); bare (BA= removal of 100% of harvest residue and litter, by sweeping); bare litter (BL = removal of 100% of crop residues in the area with litter entry) and tree-length (TL = bark removal and maintenance of other residues). Composite samples, at depths of 0.00 to 0.05 and 0.05 to 0.10 m, were collected for quantification of total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal soil respiration (RBS) , metabolic (qCO2) and microbial (qMic) quotients, in addition to soil fertility (P, MO, pH, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, Al, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn). The SMRC provided variations in the soil chemical conditions and allowed to point out that in the SMRC CTL, MO, Ca2+, Mg2+, SB and CTC exceeded the values observed in the other treatments. The effects of the elapsed time x SMRC interaction were significant for MO, S-SO4 and Fe. The SMRC promoted significant changes in TOC, CBM, RBS and qCO2 and the permanence of all residues in the area is promising as an input of organic matter in the system.
Eucalyptus cultivation has been highlighted in the Brazilian forestry sector, mainly because it is concentrated in areas of low natural fertility. This occurs because the eucalyptus crop presents greater adaptability, in relation to other agricultural crops, to this type of edaphic environment. In order to identify and quantify management practices that contribute to the sustainable development of the eucalyptus crop, different harvest residue management systems (SMRC) were implemented in an experimental área. These evaluate whether the deposition of residual organic material from the harvest improves soil edaphic conditions, through nutrient cycling and the contribution of organic matter. The study was carried out in a commercial plantation of Eucalyptus urograndis (clone E13) in the municipality of Água Clara (MS). The soil was classified as Quartzarenic Neosol, with a sandy texture and the SMRC used were: cut-to-length (CTL= maintenance of 100% of harvest residues in the area); bare (BA= removal of 100% of harvest residue and litter, by sweeping); bare litter (BL = removal of 100% of crop residues in the area with litter entry) and tree-length (TL = bark removal and maintenance of other residues). Composite samples, at depths of 0.00 to 0.05 and 0.05 to 0.10 m, were collected for quantification of total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal soil respiration (RBS) , metabolic (qCO2) and microbial (qMic) quotients, in addition to soil fertility (P, MO, pH, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, Al, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn). The SMRC provided variations in the soil chemical conditions and allowed to point out that in the SMRC CTL, MO, Ca2+, Mg2+, SB and CTC exceeded the values observed in the other treatments. The effects of the elapsed time x SMRC interaction were significant for MO, S-SO4 and Fe. The SMRC promoted significant changes in TOC, CBM, RBS and qCO2 and the permanence of all residues in the area is promising as an input of organic matter in the system.
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Palavras-chave
Sistemas de manejo do resíduo da colheita, Ciclagem de nutrientes, Crop residue management systems, Nutrient cycling, Organic matter, Matéria orgânica