Dicas implícitas na tomada de decisão e conhecimento tático declarativo em praticantes de futebol
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Data
2022-01-14
Autores
Almeida, Matheus Grandim de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O processo de tomada de decisão envolve identificação de estímulos e respostas motoras pertinentes. No futebol é fundamental conhecimento tático declarativo e processual. O objetivo foi verificar o desempenho de adultos praticantes de futebol na tomada de decisão, conhecimento tático declarativo do futebol e atenção sustentada. Vinte praticantes de futebol (idade 26,8 ± 4,1 anos), experiência mínima de 4 anos, realizaram um teste de tempo de resposta de escolha, com 4 círculos apresentados em um monitor, sendo um destes preenchido em amarelo (estímulo) nas condições sem dica e com dica implícita (ponto preto aparecendo no centro do círculo, durante 43ms e 86ms antes do estímulo) no círculo correspondente (dica congruente) e diferente (dica incongruente) do estímulo. Cada condição foi repetida 12 vezes. O participante deveria pressionar um botão correspondente ao estímulo o mais rápido possível, e o tempo de resposta (TR) foi armazenado. Posteriormente, realizaram o teste de atenção sustentada (Toulouse Piéron-Test), identificando figuras específicas ao longo de 5 minutos, sendo o coeficiente de atenção calculado. Finalmente, no teste de conhecimento tático declarativo (TCTD) foram reproduzidas 8 cenas de jogo de futebol com apresentação de 4 opções de desfecho em cada cena, sendo a resposta pontuada de acordo com a pertinência e a somatória das respostas correspondeu à pontuação total do TCTD. Análise de variância (ANOVA) comparou o TR entre as 3 condições de dica, indicando menor TR para dica congruente que nas outras duas condições experimentais (p>0,05). Análises de correlação entre todas as variáveis não identificaram relação entre o TR e o coeficiente de atenção e entre o TR e a pontuação total do TCTD (p>0,05) e não indicaram relação entre o coeficiente de atenção e a pontuação total no TCTD (p>0,05). A média do coeficiente atencional foi de 0,83 (±0,1) e a pontuação total no TCTD foi de 6,72 (±0,7). Concluiu-se que praticantes de futebol utilizam dica implícita congruente melhorando o tempo de tomada de decisão. Entretanto, o uso da dica não tem relação com a capacidade de atenção sustentada e com o desempenho no conhecimento tático declarativo no futebol, e este, não apresenta relação com a capacidade de atenção sustentada.
The decision-making process involves the identification of stimuli and relevant motor responses. Declarative and procedural tactical knowledge are essential in soccer. The objective was to verify the performance of adult soccer players in decision-making, declarative tactical knowledge of soccer, and sustained attention. Twenty soccer players (age 26.8 ± 4.1 years), minimum 4-year-practice, performed a choice response time test, with 4 circles presented on a monitor, one of which was filled in yellow (stimulus) in the conditions without cue and with implicit cue (black dot appearing in the center of the circle, during 43ms and 86ms before the stimulus) in the corresponding (congruent cue) and different (incongruent cue) circle of the stimulus. Each condition was repeated 12 times. The participant was asked to press a corresponding button to the stimulus as quickly as possible, and response time (RT) was stored. Then they performed the sustained attention test (Toulouse Piéron-Test), identifying specific figures over 5 minutes and the attentional coefficient was calculated. Finally, in the declarative tactical knowledge test (DTKT), 8 soccer game scenes were displayed with 4 outcome options in each scene, with the answer being scored according to relevance and the sum of the responses corresponded to the total DTKT score. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared the TR between the 3 cue conditions, indicating shorter RT for congruent compared to the other two experimental conditions (p>0.05). Correlation analyzes between all variables did not identify relationship between the TR and the attention coefficient and between the RT and the total DTKT score (p>0.05) and did not indicate relationship between the attention coefficient and the total DTKT score (p>0.05). The mean attentional coefficient was 0.83 (±0.1) and the total DTKT score was 6.72 (±0.7). It was concluded that soccer practitioners use congruent implicit cues to improve decision-making time. However, the use of the cue is not related to the capacity for sustained attention and performance in declarative tactical knowledge in soccer, and this is not related to the sustained attention capacity.
The decision-making process involves the identification of stimuli and relevant motor responses. Declarative and procedural tactical knowledge are essential in soccer. The objective was to verify the performance of adult soccer players in decision-making, declarative tactical knowledge of soccer, and sustained attention. Twenty soccer players (age 26.8 ± 4.1 years), minimum 4-year-practice, performed a choice response time test, with 4 circles presented on a monitor, one of which was filled in yellow (stimulus) in the conditions without cue and with implicit cue (black dot appearing in the center of the circle, during 43ms and 86ms before the stimulus) in the corresponding (congruent cue) and different (incongruent cue) circle of the stimulus. Each condition was repeated 12 times. The participant was asked to press a corresponding button to the stimulus as quickly as possible, and response time (RT) was stored. Then they performed the sustained attention test (Toulouse Piéron-Test), identifying specific figures over 5 minutes and the attentional coefficient was calculated. Finally, in the declarative tactical knowledge test (DTKT), 8 soccer game scenes were displayed with 4 outcome options in each scene, with the answer being scored according to relevance and the sum of the responses corresponded to the total DTKT score. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared the TR between the 3 cue conditions, indicating shorter RT for congruent compared to the other two experimental conditions (p>0.05). Correlation analyzes between all variables did not identify relationship between the TR and the attention coefficient and between the RT and the total DTKT score (p>0.05) and did not indicate relationship between the attention coefficient and the total DTKT score (p>0.05). The mean attentional coefficient was 0.83 (±0.1) and the total DTKT score was 6.72 (±0.7). It was concluded that soccer practitioners use congruent implicit cues to improve decision-making time. However, the use of the cue is not related to the capacity for sustained attention and performance in declarative tactical knowledge in soccer, and this is not related to the sustained attention capacity.
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Palavras-chave
Conhecimento tático declarativo, Dicas implícitas, Atenção sustentada, Tomada de decisão, Declarative tactical knowledge, Implicit cues, Sustained attention, Decision making