Dietas com diferentes relações amido:proteína na composição corporal, metabolismo energético, saciedade, turnover hídrico e atividade física de gatos em laboratório ou em domicílio : Metabolismo energético de gatos consumindo dietas com diferentes proporções de amido e proteína
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2021-12-03
Autores
Goloni, Camila [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Há escassez de informações sobre metabolismo energético de gatos em domicílio, principalmente sobre o efeito do sexo, teor proteico da dieta, obesidade, atividade física e condição reprodutiva. Este estudo comparou o gasto energético (GE), composição corporal (CC), turnover de água (TA) e atividade física de gatos de laboratório e em domicílio, alimentados com rações com diferentes relações amido:proteína, em três experimentos distintos. O primeiro experimento avaliou dois grupos em laboratório, não-sobrepeso (NS) e sobrepeso (SB), o segundo avaliou 4 grupos castrados em domicílio, fêmeas (F) não-obesas (NO), fêmeas obesas (OB), machos (M) não-obesos, machos obesos e, o terceiro avaliou dois grupos em domicílio: machos castrados (MC) e machos inteiros (MI). Os gatos em laboratório foram alimentados com quantidade controlada e os gatos em domicílio ad libitum com duas dietas experimentais (Alto amido, AA: Amido 40%, PB 38% na MS; Alta proteína, AP: Amido 20%, PB de 55%). Os estudos seguiram delineamento crossover, nos gatos de laboratório se adotou arranjo fatorial 2x2 com duas dietas e duas condições corporais, nos gatos domiciliados castrados arranjo 2x2x2 com duas dietas, duas composições corporais e dois sexos, sendo adotado no estudo com gatos inteiros arranjo 2x2, com duas dietas e dois grupos de machos um inteiro outro castrado (P≤0,05 significativo; P≤0,10 tendência). Gatos de laboratório SB tiveram menor GE que gatos NSB (P<0,05) e menor atividade física (P<0,05). O GE não diferiu entre dietas, mas AP induziu maior TA (P<0,01). Ao teste de saciedade, gatos NSB e gatos alimentados com AP, independente da composição corporal, tiveram maior consumo alimentar (P<0,01), sugerindo efeito de saciedade para o amido. Como a idade de gatos castrados foi diferente no estudo em domicílio (P<0,05), esta foi incluída como covariável. O GE tendeu a ser maior em M (P=0,06) e semelhante entre NO e OB (P=0,62). Quando alimentados com dieta AA não houve alteração do peso corporal (PC), mas diminuiu a massa gorda (MG) em M do grupo NO (P=0,04) e aumentou a massa magra (MM) em F do grupo NO (P<0,01). O consumo da dieta AP aumentou PC e MM em todos os grupos (P<0,05), tendo aumentado a MG de F NO (P=0,04). Efeito de dieta, CC e sexo foi observado em TA, maior em M NO alimentados com AP (P=0,03). Maior movimento foi observado em gatos com dieta AP (P=0,05). Gatos MI apresentaram maior GE, TA e movimento (P<0,01) em comparação aos castrados. A dieta AP aumentou o GE nos dois grupos (P=0,05). Como conclusão, dieta com alta proteína pode elevar o movimento e consumo hídrico, mas elevado amido parece induzir saciedade e melhor controle de peso em gatos castrados alimentados ad libitum.
There is little information about energy metabolism of cats living in homes, especially regarding the effects of sex, dietary protein content, obesity, physical activity and reproductive condition. This study compared the energy expenditure (EE), body composition (BC), water turnover (WT) and physical activity of cats living in laboratory and homes, fed diets with different protein:starch ratios, in three separate experiments. The first study evaluated two groups of laboratory cats, non-overweight (NO) and overweight (OV), the second evaluated 4 groups of neutered cats living in homes, females (F) non-obese (NO), females obese (OB), males (M) non-obese, obese males and the third study evaluated two groups of cats, neutered males (NM) and intact males (IM). Cats were fed ad libitum with two experimental diets (High Starch, HS: 40% Starch, 38% CP in DM; High Protein, HP: 20% Starch, 55% CP) in a crossover design. The laboratory cats’ study followed a 2x2 factorial arrangement with two diets and two body conditions. The house living neutered cats study a 2x2x2 arrangement with two diets, two body compositions and two sex. The study with IM followed a 2x2 arrangement, with two diets and two reproductive conditions (intact and neutered) (P≤0.05 significant; P≤0.10 trend). The OV laboratory cats had lower EE than NO cats (P<0.05) and lower physical activity (P<0.05). NOV cats had higher WT (P<0.01). The intake of the HP diet indued a higher WT (P<0.01), but did not change the cat’s EE. At the satiety test, NO cats and cats fed HP diets, regardless of body composition presented higher food intake (P<0.01), suggesting a satiating effect of starch. As the age of neutered cats was different in the home study (P<0.05), this was included as a covariate. The EE tended to be higher in M (P=0.06) and similar between NO and OB cats (P=0.62). When cats were fed with the HS diet, no changes in body weight (BW) was observed but decreases in fat mass (FM) was observed in NO M cats (P=0.04) and increases in lean mass (LM) in NO F cats (P<0.01). The intake of the HP diet increased BW and LM in all groups (P<0.05), while FM increased in NO F cats (P=0.04). Effect of diet, BC and sex was observed in WT, that was higher in NO M fed HP diet (P=0.03). Higher movement was observed in cats fed HP diet, regardless of sex and BC (P=0.05). The IM cats showed higher EE, WT and movement (P<0.01) than neutered males. The HP diet increased EE in both groups of cats (P=0.05). As conclusion, high protein diets may increase WT and movement, but high starch intake may induce satiety in cats favoring BW control in neutered cats fed ad libitum.
There is little information about energy metabolism of cats living in homes, especially regarding the effects of sex, dietary protein content, obesity, physical activity and reproductive condition. This study compared the energy expenditure (EE), body composition (BC), water turnover (WT) and physical activity of cats living in laboratory and homes, fed diets with different protein:starch ratios, in three separate experiments. The first study evaluated two groups of laboratory cats, non-overweight (NO) and overweight (OV), the second evaluated 4 groups of neutered cats living in homes, females (F) non-obese (NO), females obese (OB), males (M) non-obese, obese males and the third study evaluated two groups of cats, neutered males (NM) and intact males (IM). Cats were fed ad libitum with two experimental diets (High Starch, HS: 40% Starch, 38% CP in DM; High Protein, HP: 20% Starch, 55% CP) in a crossover design. The laboratory cats’ study followed a 2x2 factorial arrangement with two diets and two body conditions. The house living neutered cats study a 2x2x2 arrangement with two diets, two body compositions and two sex. The study with IM followed a 2x2 arrangement, with two diets and two reproductive conditions (intact and neutered) (P≤0.05 significant; P≤0.10 trend). The OV laboratory cats had lower EE than NO cats (P<0.05) and lower physical activity (P<0.05). NOV cats had higher WT (P<0.01). The intake of the HP diet indued a higher WT (P<0.01), but did not change the cat’s EE. At the satiety test, NO cats and cats fed HP diets, regardless of body composition presented higher food intake (P<0.01), suggesting a satiating effect of starch. As the age of neutered cats was different in the home study (P<0.05), this was included as a covariate. The EE tended to be higher in M (P=0.06) and similar between NO and OB cats (P=0.62). When cats were fed with the HS diet, no changes in body weight (BW) was observed but decreases in fat mass (FM) was observed in NO M cats (P=0.04) and increases in lean mass (LM) in NO F cats (P<0.01). The intake of the HP diet increased BW and LM in all groups (P<0.05), while FM increased in NO F cats (P=0.04). Effect of diet, BC and sex was observed in WT, that was higher in NO M fed HP diet (P=0.03). Higher movement was observed in cats fed HP diet, regardless of sex and BC (P=0.05). The IM cats showed higher EE, WT and movement (P<0.01) than neutered males. The HP diet increased EE in both groups of cats (P=0.05). As conclusion, high protein diets may increase WT and movement, but high starch intake may induce satiety in cats favoring BW control in neutered cats fed ad libitum.
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Sexo, Energia, Atividade física, Felino