O papel da Agência Reguladora na universalização do saneamento: Uma análise comparativa nos municípios de Birigui-SP e Araçatuba-SP
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2021-12-16
Autores
Esteves, Rafael Polizel
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
São grandes os desafios para atingir a universalização do saneamento básico nos diversos sistemas de prestação de serviço, passando muitas vezes por arranjos institucionais e interação entre diferentes agentes. O sistema de saneamento básico não se resume apenas ao fornecimento de água de qualidade e coleta e tratamento de esgoto, mas sim a um conjunto de ações de planejamento, regulação, fiscalização e controle social, que representam maior organização para o cumprimento das metas estabelecidas pelos municípios. A atuação das agências reguladoras de saneamento favorecem o cumprimento das macrodefinições estabelecidas nas políticas setoriais, podendo exercer vários papéis na busca pela universalização como a regulação, fiscalização e controle do serviço prestado. Portanto, objetiva-se neste estudo, apresentar a prestação dos serviços de saneamento básico (água e esgoto) em Birigui-SP e Araçatuba-SP, buscando entender a relevância da atuação da agência reguladora na universalização do saneamento, com vistas ao cumprimento do pacto global da ONU, relacionado ao objetivo de desenvolvimento sustentável – ODS 06 (água potável e saneamento). Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo descritivo, foram utilizados referencial bibliográfico, documental e levantamento de dados quantitativos referente a água e esgoto dos respectivos municípios. Portanto, este estudo mostra que a Agência Reguladora contribui quanto ao cumprimento de metas relacionadas à qualidade na prestação dos serviços e investimentos, tornando a governança do sistema de saneamento mais eficiente em virtude de sua autonomia quanto as questões de regulação, financeiras e decisórias. O ponto principal que garantirá, não só a universalização do saneamento básico mas também sua sustentabilidade, é o poder de investimento do prestador de serviço. Recomenda-se que o tema seja discutido em caráter regional e nacional, onde as comparações ou outros métodos empregados possam elucidar quanto ao papel da agência reguladora na universalização do saneamento básico.
There are great challenges to achieving universal basic sanitation in the various service provision systems, often going through institutional arrangements and interaction between different agents. The basic sanitation system is not just about providing quality water and sewage collection and treatment, but rather a set of planning, regulation, inspection and social control actions, which represent greater organization for the fulfillment of goals by the grouped municipalities. The performance of sanitation regulatory agencies favors the fulfillment of macrodefinitions related to sectorial policies, being able to play several roles in the search for universalization such as regulation, inspection and control of the service provided. Therefore, the objective of this study is to present the provision of basic sanitation services (water and sewage) in Birigui-SP and Araçatuba-SP, trying to understand the role of the regulatory agency in the universalization of sanitation, with a view to complying with the global pact of UN, related to the objective of sustainable development - SDG 06 (drinking water and sanitation). For the development of this descriptive study, bibliographical and documental references were used, as well as quantitative data survey referring to water and sewage in related municipalities. Therefore, this study shows that the Regulatory Agency contributes to the fulfillment of goals related to the quality of service provision and investments, making the sanitation system governance more efficient due to its autonomy in terms of regulation, finance and decision-making. The main point that will guarantee, not only the universalization of basic sanitation, but also its sustainability, is the investment power of the service provider. It is recommended that the topic be discussed on a regional and national basis, where comparisons or other methods used can clarify the role of the regulatory agency in the universalization of basic sanitation.
There are great challenges to achieving universal basic sanitation in the various service provision systems, often going through institutional arrangements and interaction between different agents. The basic sanitation system is not just about providing quality water and sewage collection and treatment, but rather a set of planning, regulation, inspection and social control actions, which represent greater organization for the fulfillment of goals by the grouped municipalities. The performance of sanitation regulatory agencies favors the fulfillment of macrodefinitions related to sectorial policies, being able to play several roles in the search for universalization such as regulation, inspection and control of the service provided. Therefore, the objective of this study is to present the provision of basic sanitation services (water and sewage) in Birigui-SP and Araçatuba-SP, trying to understand the role of the regulatory agency in the universalization of sanitation, with a view to complying with the global pact of UN, related to the objective of sustainable development - SDG 06 (drinking water and sanitation). For the development of this descriptive study, bibliographical and documental references were used, as well as quantitative data survey referring to water and sewage in related municipalities. Therefore, this study shows that the Regulatory Agency contributes to the fulfillment of goals related to the quality of service provision and investments, making the sanitation system governance more efficient due to its autonomy in terms of regulation, finance and decision-making. The main point that will guarantee, not only the universalization of basic sanitation, but also its sustainability, is the investment power of the service provider. It is recommended that the topic be discussed on a regional and national basis, where comparisons or other methods used can clarify the role of the regulatory agency in the universalization of basic sanitation.
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Recursos hídricos, Governança, Saneamento, Water resource, Governance, Sanitation