Efeitos da suplementação com blend de aditivos fitogênicos sobre o desempenho, eficiência de uso de nitrogênio e emissão de metano de tourinhos nelore recriados em pasto de capim Marandu
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Data
2021-12-14
Autores
Teobaldo, Ronyatta Weich [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo e digestibilidade da matéria seca e de nutrientes, desempenho produtivo, produção de metano entérico, parâmetros ruminais, eficiência de uso de nitrogênio e a comunidade microbiana ruminal de tourinhos da raça Nelore mantidos em pasto de capim Marandu no período das águas, recebendo suplemento energético ou mineral, com ou sem inclusão de aditivos fitogênicos. Os aditivos fitogênicos continham carvacrol, cinamaldeído e taninos hidrolisáveis, em que o blend comercial foi fornecido nos tratamentos objetivando proporcionar a dose de 1,5 g/kg de MS ingerida. Foram realizados dois experimentos durante os meses de dezembro de 2018 e abril de 2019. No experimento 1, foram utilizados 48 tourinhos Nelore com peso corporal inicial médio de 211 kg ± 30,20 kg, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2, em quatro tratamentos e três repetições para a avaliação de desempenho produtivo e produção de metano entérico. A avaliação do consumo e digestibilidade de nutrientes e produção de metano entérico foram realizadas em 24 animais (seis animais por tratamento), com peso corporal médio de 326 kg ± 38,27 kg. O experimento 2 foi realizado utilizando oito tourinhos Nelore, castrados, canulados no rúmen, com peso corporal médio de 456,6 kg ± 32,8 kg, distribuídos em delineamento quadrado latino 4 x 4 duplo, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2, com quatro períodos experimentais e quatro tratamentos, para a avaliação dos parâmetros ruminais e comunidade microbiana ruminal. Os tratamentos avaliados nos dois experimentos foram: Suplemento energético sem inclusão de aditivos fitogênicos; Suplemento energético com inclusão de aditivos fitogênicos; Suplemento mineral sem inclusão de aditivos fitogênicos; e Suplemento mineral com inclusão de aditivos fitogênicos. A massa de forragem foi maior durante o mês de fevereiro (sendo 8,16 t/ha de MS). Não houve interação suplemento x blend de aditivos fitogênicos sobre o consumo e digestibilidade da matéria seca e de nutrientes (experimentos 1 e 2), emissão de CH4 entérico e desempenho produtivo (experimento 1), e parâmetros ruminais e eficiência de utilização de nitrogênio (experimento 2) (P > 0,05). No experimento 1: o consumo de MS total (P = 0,015), MO (P = 0,023), PB (P = 0,012), FDNcp (P = 0,044) e de energia (P < 0,05) foram maiores nos animais que consumiram suplemento energético. O consumo de MS e de nutrientes não foram influenciados (P > 0,05) pelos aditivos fitogênicos. A digestibilidade da MS (P = 0,001), PB (P = 0,044) e da energia (P = 0,050) foram maiores nos animais que consumiram suplemento energético. A digestibilidade da MS (P <. 0001), FDNcp (P = 0,025) e da energia (P = 0,023) foram menores nos animais que consumiram aditivos fitogênicos. O GMD (P = 0,013), taxa de lotação (P = 0,024) e ganho por área (P = 0,005) foram maiores para os animais que consumiram suplemento energético. O consumo de suplemento energético proporcionou tendência de aumento na emissão de CH4 entérico (P = 0,065). No experimento 2, o consumo da MS total (P = 0,001), MO (P = 0,003), PB (P = 0,006), FDNcp (P = 0,017) e de energia (P < 0,05) foram maiores nos animais que consumiram suplemento energético. O consumo de MS e de nutrientes não foram influenciados (P > 0,05) pelos aditivos fitogênicos. A digestibilidade da MS (P = 0,0004), MO (P <.0001), PB (P <.0001), FDNcp (P = 0,0006) e de energia (P <.0001) foram maiores nos animais que consumiram suplemento energético. A digestibilidade da MS apresentou tendência de redução (P = 0,073) nos animais que consumiram aditivos fitogênicos. O pH, AGCC total e proporção de isobutirato (%) não foram influenciados (P > 0,05) pelos aditivos fitogênicos. Houve tendência de maior proporção de propionato (P = 0,074) no rúmen dos animais que consumiram os aditivos fitogênicos, proporcionando incremento de 1,98%. Houve interação suplemento x blend de aditivos fitogênicos na excreção de N na urina (P = 0,033), sendo maior a excreção em animais que consumiram suplemento energético sem aditivos fitogênicos. Não houve efeito dos suplementos e aditivos fitogênicos na eficiência microbiana (P > 0,05). Os aditivos fitogênicos tenderam reduzir a abundância da família Ruminococcaceae.UCG-010 (P =0,089), Roseburia spp. (P =0,081) e Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group (P =0,089). A inclusão de aditivos fitogênicos, compostos por carvacrol, cinamaldeído e taninos hidrolisáveis, na dose 1,5 g/kg MS ingerida, apresenta tendência em reduzir a digestibilidade da MS, pode alterar a comunidade microbiana ruminal e não tem efeitos sobre a emissão de CH4 entérico e o desempenho produtivo. O fornecimento de suplemento energético melhora a eficiência de utilização do nitrogênio e desempenho produtivo de tourinhos Nelore em pastejo de capim Marandu durante o período das águas.
The objective was to evaluate the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, productive performance, enteric methane production, rumen parameters, nitrogen use efficiency and the ruminal microbial community of Nelore bulls kept on Marandu grass pasture in the period of water, receiving energy or mineral supplement, with or without the inclusion of phytogenic additives. The phytogenic additives contained carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and hydrolysable tannins, in which the commercial blend was supplied in the treatments aiming to provide a dose of 1.5 g/kg of DM ingested. Two experiments were carried out during the months of December 2018 and April 2019. In experiment 1, 48 Nellore bulls with an average initial body weight of 211 kg ± 30.20 kg were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, in four treatments and three replications for the evaluation of productive performance and enteric methane production. The assessment of nutrient intake and digestibility and enteric methane production were performed in 24 animals (six animals per treatment), with an average body weight of 326 kg ± 38.27 kg. Experiment 2 was carried out using eight Nellore bulls, castrated, cannulated in the rumen, with an average body weight of 456.6 kg ± 32.8 kg, distributed in a 4 x 4 double Latin square design, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with four experimental periods and four treatments, for the evaluation of rumen parameters and ruminal microbial community. The treatments evaluated in the two experiments were: Energy supplement without inclusion of phytogenic additives; Energy supplement with inclusion of phytogenic additives; Mineral supplement without inclusion of phytogenic additives; and Mineral supplement with inclusion of phytogenic additives. Forage mass was higher during the month of February (8.16 t/ha of DM). There was no supplement x blend interaction of phytogenic additives on the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients (experiments 1 and 2), enteric CH4 emission and performance (experiment 1), and ruminal parameters and nitrogen utilization efficiency (experiment 2) (P > 0.05). In experiment 1: total MS intake (P = 0.015), MO (P = 0.023), CP (P = 0.012), NDFcp (P = 0.044) and energy (P < 0.05) were higher in animals that consumed an energy supplement. DM and nutrient intake were not influenced (P > 0.05) by phytogenic additives. The digestibility of DM (P = 0.001), CP (P = 0.044) and energy (P = 0.050) were higher in animals that consumed an energy supplement. The digestibility of DM (P <. 0001), NDFcp (P = 0.025) and energy (P = 0.023) were lower in animals that consumed phytogenic additives. The ADG (P = 0.013), stocking rate (P = 0.024) and gain per area (P = 0.005) were higher for animals that consumed energy supplement. The energy supplement intake provided a tendency to increase the emission of enteric CH4 (P = 0.065). In experiment 2, the total MS intake (P = 0.001), MO (P = 0.003), CP (P = 0.006), NDFcp (P = 0.017) and energy (P < 0.05) were higher in animals that consumed an energy supplement. DM and nutrient intake were not influenced (P > 0.05) by phytogenic additives. The digestibility of DM (P = 0.0004), OM (P <.0001), CP (P <.0001), NDFcp (P = 0.0006) and energy (P <.0001) were higher in animals that consumed an energy supplement. DM digestibility showed a tendency to decrease (P = 0.073) in animals that consumed phytogenic additives. The pH, total SCFA and proportion of isobutyrate (%) were not influenced (P > 0.05) by phytogenic additives. There was a trend towards a higher proportion of propionate (P = 0.074) in the rumen of the animals that consumed the phytogenic additives, providing an increase of 1.98%. There was an interaction supplement x blend of phytogenic additives in the excretion of N in the urine (P = 0.033), with higher excretion in animals that consumed SE. There was no effect of supplements and phytogenic additives on microbial efficiency (P > 0.05). Phytogenic additives tended to reduce the abundance of the family Ruminococcaceae.UCG-010 (P =0.089), Roseburia spp. (P=0.081) and Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group (P=0.089). The inclusion of phytogenic additives, composed of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and hydrolysable tannins, at a dose of 1.5 g/kg DM ingested, tends to reduce DM digestibility, can alter the ruminal microbial community and has no effect on the emission of enteric CH4 and performance. Energy supplement supply improves nitrogen utilization efficiency and productive performance of Nellore young bulls grazing on Marandu grass during rainy season.
The objective was to evaluate the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, productive performance, enteric methane production, rumen parameters, nitrogen use efficiency and the ruminal microbial community of Nelore bulls kept on Marandu grass pasture in the period of water, receiving energy or mineral supplement, with or without the inclusion of phytogenic additives. The phytogenic additives contained carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and hydrolysable tannins, in which the commercial blend was supplied in the treatments aiming to provide a dose of 1.5 g/kg of DM ingested. Two experiments were carried out during the months of December 2018 and April 2019. In experiment 1, 48 Nellore bulls with an average initial body weight of 211 kg ± 30.20 kg were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, in four treatments and three replications for the evaluation of productive performance and enteric methane production. The assessment of nutrient intake and digestibility and enteric methane production were performed in 24 animals (six animals per treatment), with an average body weight of 326 kg ± 38.27 kg. Experiment 2 was carried out using eight Nellore bulls, castrated, cannulated in the rumen, with an average body weight of 456.6 kg ± 32.8 kg, distributed in a 4 x 4 double Latin square design, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with four experimental periods and four treatments, for the evaluation of rumen parameters and ruminal microbial community. The treatments evaluated in the two experiments were: Energy supplement without inclusion of phytogenic additives; Energy supplement with inclusion of phytogenic additives; Mineral supplement without inclusion of phytogenic additives; and Mineral supplement with inclusion of phytogenic additives. Forage mass was higher during the month of February (8.16 t/ha of DM). There was no supplement x blend interaction of phytogenic additives on the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients (experiments 1 and 2), enteric CH4 emission and performance (experiment 1), and ruminal parameters and nitrogen utilization efficiency (experiment 2) (P > 0.05). In experiment 1: total MS intake (P = 0.015), MO (P = 0.023), CP (P = 0.012), NDFcp (P = 0.044) and energy (P < 0.05) were higher in animals that consumed an energy supplement. DM and nutrient intake were not influenced (P > 0.05) by phytogenic additives. The digestibility of DM (P = 0.001), CP (P = 0.044) and energy (P = 0.050) were higher in animals that consumed an energy supplement. The digestibility of DM (P <. 0001), NDFcp (P = 0.025) and energy (P = 0.023) were lower in animals that consumed phytogenic additives. The ADG (P = 0.013), stocking rate (P = 0.024) and gain per area (P = 0.005) were higher for animals that consumed energy supplement. The energy supplement intake provided a tendency to increase the emission of enteric CH4 (P = 0.065). In experiment 2, the total MS intake (P = 0.001), MO (P = 0.003), CP (P = 0.006), NDFcp (P = 0.017) and energy (P < 0.05) were higher in animals that consumed an energy supplement. DM and nutrient intake were not influenced (P > 0.05) by phytogenic additives. The digestibility of DM (P = 0.0004), OM (P <.0001), CP (P <.0001), NDFcp (P = 0.0006) and energy (P <.0001) were higher in animals that consumed an energy supplement. DM digestibility showed a tendency to decrease (P = 0.073) in animals that consumed phytogenic additives. The pH, total SCFA and proportion of isobutyrate (%) were not influenced (P > 0.05) by phytogenic additives. There was a trend towards a higher proportion of propionate (P = 0.074) in the rumen of the animals that consumed the phytogenic additives, providing an increase of 1.98%. There was an interaction supplement x blend of phytogenic additives in the excretion of N in the urine (P = 0.033), with higher excretion in animals that consumed SE. There was no effect of supplements and phytogenic additives on microbial efficiency (P > 0.05). Phytogenic additives tended to reduce the abundance of the family Ruminococcaceae.UCG-010 (P =0.089), Roseburia spp. (P=0.081) and Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group (P=0.089). The inclusion of phytogenic additives, composed of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and hydrolysable tannins, at a dose of 1.5 g/kg DM ingested, tends to reduce DM digestibility, can alter the ruminal microbial community and has no effect on the emission of enteric CH4 and performance. Energy supplement supply improves nitrogen utilization efficiency and productive performance of Nellore young bulls grazing on Marandu grass during rainy season.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Extratos de plantas, Forragem, Suplementar, Nitrogênio