Influência do perfil de aminoácidos do alimento na composição corporal, gasto energético e metabolismo de proteínas de cães em regime para perda de peso
Data
2021-07-30
Autores
Luis, Leticia Warde
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Obesidade canina é a doença nutricional mais frequente, com aumento contínuo de sua incidência. Dentre os desafios de seu tratamento, formulações adequadas que maximizem a redução da massa gorda, mas evitem perda de massa magra e mantenham saúde são necessárias. Estudos relacionam o maior teor de proteína na dieta com a manutenção da massa magra, entretanto, não há evidências das implicações da formulação de aminoácidos sobre o emagrecimento e metabolismo proteico de cães em regime de perda de peso. Ainda, não se conhece com precisão o gasto energético diário (GED) de cães obesos para perda de peso. Desta forma, objetivou-se comparar o GED de manutenção de cães obesos domiciliados com o de cães não obesos e avaliar o efeito da suplementação de metionina, triptofano, treonina e valina em alimento para perda de peso sobre o metabolismo proteico, gasto energético para emagrecimento e composição corporal de cães obesos ao início e após perda de 20% do peso corporal. Na Fase 1 (fase de peso estável) o estudo incluiu 20 cães não obesos e 20 obesos domiciliados, distribuídos em tratamento fatorial 2 (condições corporais) x 2 (rações: controle e suplementada com os aminoácidos), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Na Fase 2 (fase de perda de peso) os cães obesos foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a dieta utilizada e entraram em regime para perda controlada de 20% do peso corporal. O GED e a composição corporal (CC) dos cães foram determinados pelo método da água duplamente marcada, o metabolismo proteico pelo método do precursor e mensuração dos aminoácidos livres no plasma. A hipótese de que cães obesos apresentam menor necessidade energética de manutenção (NEM) não foi confirmada, uma vez que a ingestão calórica para peso constante foi semelhante entre os obesos e não obesos no presente estudo (P=0,119). Durante o emagrecimento a ingestão de metionina + cistina foi menor que o recomendado para cães alimentados com a ração controle, tendo esta atendido à recomendação no grupo suplementado com aminoácidos. Durante o emagrecimento, cães alimentados com a ração suplementada com aminoácidos apresentaram tendência a emagrecerem mais rápido (P=0,083), mesmo apresentando mesmo consumo energético (P=0,682). Após 20% de perda de peso, cães no tratamento com suplementação de aminoácidos mantiveram a quantidade de massa magra do início, enquanto no grupo controle os cães apresentaram redução média de 6,5% (900g) da massa magra inicial, apesar destes valores serem estatisticamente semelhantes (P=0,531).
Canine obesity is the most frequent nutritional disease, with a growing incidence. Among the challenges of its treatment, formulations that maximize the reduction of fat mass, but prevent loss of lean mass and maintain health during the process of weight loss are necessary. Several studies relate a higher level of protein in the diet with maintenance of lean mass, however, the implications of amino acid formulation on weight loss and protein metabolism in dogs undergoing regimen have not been studied. Still, the daily energy expenditure (DEE) of obese dogs for a healthy weight loss is not precisely known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the maintenance energy expenditure of client-owned obese dogs with non-obese dogs and to evaluate the effect of methionine, tryptophan, threonine and valine supplementation in food for weight loss on protein metabolism, energy expenditure for weight loss and body composition of obese dogs at the beginning and after a 20% loss of body weight. In Phase 1 (static body weight phase), the study included 20 non-obese and 20 obese client-owned dogs, distributed in a 2 (body condition) x 2 (diet: control and amino acid) factorial treatment, in a completely randomized design. In Phase 2 (weight loss phase), obese dogs underwent a regimen for controlled loss of 20% of body weight. The DEE and body composition (CC) of dogs were determined by the doubly-labeled water method, protein metabolism by the precursor method and measurement of free amino acids in plasma. The hypothesis that obese dogs have a lower energy requirement for maintenance was not confirmed, since caloric intake for weight maintenance was similar between obese and non-obese dogs in the present study (P=0.119). During weight loss, the intake of methionine + cystine was lower than recommended for dogs fed the control diet, which, in the group supplemented with amino acids, met the recommendations. During weight loss, dogs fed the amino acid diet tended to lose weight faster (P=0.083), even with the same energy intake (P=0.682). After 20% of weight loss, dogs in the treatment with amino acid supplementation showed the same amount of lean mass, while control group dogs showed a reduction of 6.5% (900g) of the initial lean mass, although these values are statistically similar (P=0.531).
Canine obesity is the most frequent nutritional disease, with a growing incidence. Among the challenges of its treatment, formulations that maximize the reduction of fat mass, but prevent loss of lean mass and maintain health during the process of weight loss are necessary. Several studies relate a higher level of protein in the diet with maintenance of lean mass, however, the implications of amino acid formulation on weight loss and protein metabolism in dogs undergoing regimen have not been studied. Still, the daily energy expenditure (DEE) of obese dogs for a healthy weight loss is not precisely known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the maintenance energy expenditure of client-owned obese dogs with non-obese dogs and to evaluate the effect of methionine, tryptophan, threonine and valine supplementation in food for weight loss on protein metabolism, energy expenditure for weight loss and body composition of obese dogs at the beginning and after a 20% loss of body weight. In Phase 1 (static body weight phase), the study included 20 non-obese and 20 obese client-owned dogs, distributed in a 2 (body condition) x 2 (diet: control and amino acid) factorial treatment, in a completely randomized design. In Phase 2 (weight loss phase), obese dogs underwent a regimen for controlled loss of 20% of body weight. The DEE and body composition (CC) of dogs were determined by the doubly-labeled water method, protein metabolism by the precursor method and measurement of free amino acids in plasma. The hypothesis that obese dogs have a lower energy requirement for maintenance was not confirmed, since caloric intake for weight maintenance was similar between obese and non-obese dogs in the present study (P=0.119). During weight loss, the intake of methionine + cystine was lower than recommended for dogs fed the control diet, which, in the group supplemented with amino acids, met the recommendations. During weight loss, dogs fed the amino acid diet tended to lose weight faster (P=0.083), even with the same energy intake (P=0.682). After 20% of weight loss, dogs in the treatment with amino acid supplementation showed the same amount of lean mass, while control group dogs showed a reduction of 6.5% (900g) of the initial lean mass, although these values are statistically similar (P=0.531).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Aminoácidos na nutrição animal, Isótopos, Obesidade, Proteínas, Nutrição animal