Phylogenetic analysis of Harttia Steindachner, 1877 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Loricariinae)
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Data
2021-04-29
Autores
Cherobim, Arieli Matheus [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O gênero Harttia foi descrito por Steindachner, 1877 e atualmente é composto por 27 espécies, assumindo a segunda posição em relação a maior diversidade intragenérica de Loricariinae, sendo superada apenas por Rineloricaria com 65 espécies. Contudo, várias espécies aguardam para serem descritas, tornando a sistemática do gênero complexa e longe de ser resolvida. Várias hipóteses de relacionamento filogenético entre os gêneros da subfamília foram propostas ao longo do tempo. Os estudos realizados até o momento concordam em relação ao monofiletismo de Harttia, mas não sobre seu posicionamento em relação aos demais Loricariinae. Além disso, as análises disponíveis incluem um pequeno número de espécies e, portanto, não são representativas da história evolutiva do grupo, o que evidencia e justifica a proposição de um estudo mais detalhado. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar análises filogenéticas independentes com base em caracteres morfológicos e moleculares para as espécies do gênero Harttia. A análise morfológica abrangeu 275 caracteres de osteologia e morfologia interna e 64 terminais, incluindo membros de Astroblepidae, todas as subfamílias de Loricariidae, 24 gêneros de Loricariinae e 25 espécies de Harttia. O resultado do cladograma de consenso estrito não corrobora o monofiletismo do gênero, demonstrando uma grande radiação das espécies. Harttia absaberi foi recuperada como mais próxima dos demais gêneros de Loricariinae do que com as espécies do próprio grupo, e Cteniloricaria abrigada dentro de Harttia. Já a análise molecular foi reconstruída com 129 sequências, contemplando táxons presentes em trabalhos anteriores e também terminais adicionais. Seis marcadores foram escolhidos: 12S, 16S, f-rtn4r, COI, RAG-1 e RAG-2, contemplando genes nucleares e mitocondriais. Os resultados também não corroboram o monofiletismo de Harttia, mas é possível definir três grupos monofiléticos entre as espécies. O grupo das Guianas aparece como grupo-irmão de Cteniloricaria, esse clado como grupo-irmão das espécies de Harttia do Sudeste do Brasil e todos esses grupos relacionados com as espécies da margem direita do rio Amazonas.
The genus Harttia was described by Steindachner, 1877 and is currently composed of 27 species, assuming the second position regarding the highest intrageneric diversity of the Loricariinae, being exceeded only by Rineloricaria with 65 species. However, several species are waiting to be described, making the systematics of the genus complex and far from being resolved. Several hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the subfamily have been proposed over time. The studies performed so far agree on the monophyly of Harttia, but not on its position relative to the other Loricariinae. Furthermore, the available analyses include a small number of species and are therefore not representative of the evolutionary history of the group, which highlights and justifies the proposition of a more detailed study. Therefore, the aim of this work was to perform independent phylogenetic analyses based on morphological and molecular characters for the species of the genus Harttia. The morphological analysis encompassed 275 characters of osteology and internal morphology and 64 terminals, including members of Astroblepidae, all subfamilies of Loricariidae, 24 genera of Loricariinae and 25 species of Harttia. The results of the strict consensus cladogram do not corroborate the monophyly of the genus, demonstrating a great radiation of the species. Harttia absaberi was recovered as closer to the other genera of Loricariinae than to the species of the group itself, and Cteniloricaria harbored inside Harttia. The molecular analysis was reconstructed with 129 sequences, contemplating taxa present in previous works and also additional terminals. Six markers were chosen: 12S, 16S, f-rtn4r, COI, RAG-1 and RAG-2, contemplating nuclear and mitochondrial genes. The results also do not support the monophyly of Harttia, but it is possible to define three monophyletic groups among the species. The group from Guianas appears as a sister group to Cteniloricaria, this clade as sister group to the species of Harttia from southeastern Brazil, and all these groups are related to the species from the right bank of the Amazon River.
The genus Harttia was described by Steindachner, 1877 and is currently composed of 27 species, assuming the second position regarding the highest intrageneric diversity of the Loricariinae, being exceeded only by Rineloricaria with 65 species. However, several species are waiting to be described, making the systematics of the genus complex and far from being resolved. Several hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the subfamily have been proposed over time. The studies performed so far agree on the monophyly of Harttia, but not on its position relative to the other Loricariinae. Furthermore, the available analyses include a small number of species and are therefore not representative of the evolutionary history of the group, which highlights and justifies the proposition of a more detailed study. Therefore, the aim of this work was to perform independent phylogenetic analyses based on morphological and molecular characters for the species of the genus Harttia. The morphological analysis encompassed 275 characters of osteology and internal morphology and 64 terminals, including members of Astroblepidae, all subfamilies of Loricariidae, 24 genera of Loricariinae and 25 species of Harttia. The results of the strict consensus cladogram do not corroborate the monophyly of the genus, demonstrating a great radiation of the species. Harttia absaberi was recovered as closer to the other genera of Loricariinae than to the species of the group itself, and Cteniloricaria harbored inside Harttia. The molecular analysis was reconstructed with 129 sequences, contemplating taxa present in previous works and also additional terminals. Six markers were chosen: 12S, 16S, f-rtn4r, COI, RAG-1 and RAG-2, contemplating nuclear and mitochondrial genes. The results also do not support the monophyly of Harttia, but it is possible to define three monophyletic groups among the species. The group from Guianas appears as a sister group to Cteniloricaria, this clade as sister group to the species of Harttia from southeastern Brazil, and all these groups are related to the species from the right bank of the Amazon River.
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Região neotropical, Cascudos, Filogenia, Sistemática, Biogeografia, Neotropical region, Catfishes, Phylogeny, Systematic, Biogeography