Projeto de vida de jovens aprendizes: reflexões sobre as contribuições dos programas de aprendizagem
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Data
2021-12-06
Autores
Moherdaui, Isabela Cintra
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A juventude tem se tornado principal assunto nas pautas políticas, Abramo (2005) afirma que isso ocorre principalmente por ser uma fase que necessita de atenção por estarem em pleno desenvolvimento físico e psicológico, também pode-se dizer que é nessa fase que se iniciam os projetos de vida, tanto pessoais quanto profissionais. Nesse sentido, é essencial voltar o olhar para a necessidade de políticas públicas para auxiliar o jovem na área de educação e inserção no mundo do trabalho, pautada nessa preocupação, com o objetivo de inserir o jovem no mercado de trabalho, mas, ao mesmo tempo, assegurar seus direitos e garantir a continuidade dos estudos, foi criada a Política de Aprendizagem Profissional, assentada na Lei de Aprendizagem (Lei 10.097/2000). O presente estudo de cunho qualitativo, tem como objetivo geral identificar como os Programas de Aprendizagens contribuem na elaboração de projetos de futuro de jovens aprendizes; e como objetivos específicos, conhecer a contribuição do programa de aprendizagem nos projetos atuais e futuros dos jovens aprendizes; verificar a percepção dos jovens aprendizes sobre projetos de vida e projetos profissionais; analisar se a experiência como jovem aprendiz tem relação com a descoberta e aprimoramento de habilidades pessoais e profissionais. Participaram da pesquisa dezessete jovens pertencentes a três instituições que oferecem o Programa de Aprendizagem, a ADEPAB, SENAI e SENAC localizadas em duas cidades do interior da Estado de São Paulo. A fundamentação teórica da pesquisa apoia-se nos estudos de Abramo (2005), Pais (1993), Novaes (2006), Dayrell (2003), Leon (2009), entre outros. A pesquisa de cunho qualitativo utilizou como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada. Após a transcrição das entrevistas, foi construída uma planilha no Excel com o objetivo de facilitar a visualização dos dados colhidos e para realizar assim uma leitura e análise em profundidade, desvelando os resultados da pesquisa. A primeiro momento foi realizada uma pré-análise do material colhido, posteriormente a exploração, estudo do conteúdo das entrevistas e após, foi o momento de inferência e interpretação das falas dos jovens entrevistados. Partindo do tratamento e análise dos dados, verifica-se que é necessário maior divulgação dos programas para que os jovens tenham acesso a essa política; as principais motivações dos jovens relacionadas ao programa de aprendizagem estão relacionadas a vivência profissional e aquisição de salário; o programa contribui significativamente para o desenvolvimento de habilidades como proatividade, trabalho em equipe, planejamento, organização, entre outros, porém, são habilidades que apontam mais para o desenvolvimento profissional; o programa auxilia para despertar o interesse dos jovens por continuidade dos estudos em cursos superiores; percebeu-se que o programa teve significados positivos em suas vidas, não obstante, constata-se uma sobrecarga de trabalho e estudo, rotinas pesadas, e que as práticas na empresa e curso de formação, não oferecem suporte e formação em projetos de vida relacionados ao lazer. Em suma, os resultados apontam para necessidade de repensar os conteúdos do curso de formação do Programa de Aprendizagem de forma que os saberes construídos durante o tempo de permanência no Programa não sejam limitados aos profissionais, que se estenda a outros projetos, e que, além disso, ocorra um novo olhar para a juventude, como sujeito de direitos não apenas ao trabalho, mas também à educação de qualidade, lazer, exercício de cidadania, de forma que proporcione o desenvolvimento da consciência e da necessidade de pensar e projetar o futuro, auxiliando assim na construção dos seus projetos de vida. Como produto da pesquisa, foi elaborada uma cartilha como proposta de divulgação online, apresentando estratégias de incentivo e reflexões sobre projeto de vida e aprimoramento profissional e pessoal dos jovens que estão inseridos no programa de aprendizagem.
The youth has become the main subject in political agendas, Abramo (2005) says that this is mainly because it is a stage that needs attention because of the fact that they are in full physical and psychological development, it is also at this stage that life projects begin, both personal and professional. In this sense, it is essential to look at the need for public policies to help young people in their education and also help them to enter the job market. Based on this concern, with the objective of helping young people into the labor market, but at the same time, guaranteeing their rights and the continuity of their studies, the Professional Learning Policy was created, based on the Apprenticeship Law (Law 10.097 / 2000). This qualitative study has a general goal of identifying how Learning Programs contribute to the preparation of projects for the future of young apprentices; and as specific goals, to know the contribution of the apprentices hip program in the current and future projects of the young apprentices; check the perception of young apprentices about life projects and professional projects and analyzing whether the experience as a young apprentice is related to the discovery and improvement of personal and professional skills. Seventeen young people from three institutions who are part of the Learning Program, ADEPAB, SENAI and SENAC, in two cities in upstate São Paulo, participated in the research. The theoretical foundation of the research is supported by the studies of Abramo (2005), Pais (1993), Novaes (2006), Dayrell (2003), Leon (2009), among others. The qualitative research uses a semi-structured interview as a data collection instrument. After the interview transcription, an Excel spreadsheet was made in order to better visualize the collected data and to carry out an in-depth analysis, unveiling the research results. Firstly, it was made a pre-analysis of the material collected, later, a study of the content of the interviews was done and after that, it was the moment of interference and interpretation of the speeches of the young people interviewed. Starting from the treatment and analysis of the data, it appears that greater dissemination of the programs is necessary so that young people have access to this policy; the main motivations which young people related to the apprenticeship program are related to professional experience and salary acquisition; the program contributes to the development of skills such as proactivity, teamwork, planning, organization, among others. However, these are skills that point more to professional development; the program helps to awaken the interest of young people pursue their studies in higher education; It was learned that the program had a positive impact in their lives, nevertheless, there is an overload of work and study and heavy routines, which the companies and courses are not taking into consideration, and are not offering a good support for life projects related to leisure . In short, the results point to the need to rethink the contents of the training course of the Learning Program so that the knowledge built during the period of stay in the Program is not limited just to the professionals but also to other projects, and that, in addition, there is a new look at the youth, as individuals of rights not only to work, but also to quality education, leisure, citizenship, in a way that provides the development of awareness and the need to think and project the future , thus helping to build their life projects. As a product of the research, a booklet was prepared as a proposal for online dissemination, an incentive mechanism and reflections on the life project and professional and personal improvement of young people who are included in the learning program.
The youth has become the main subject in political agendas, Abramo (2005) says that this is mainly because it is a stage that needs attention because of the fact that they are in full physical and psychological development, it is also at this stage that life projects begin, both personal and professional. In this sense, it is essential to look at the need for public policies to help young people in their education and also help them to enter the job market. Based on this concern, with the objective of helping young people into the labor market, but at the same time, guaranteeing their rights and the continuity of their studies, the Professional Learning Policy was created, based on the Apprenticeship Law (Law 10.097 / 2000). This qualitative study has a general goal of identifying how Learning Programs contribute to the preparation of projects for the future of young apprentices; and as specific goals, to know the contribution of the apprentices hip program in the current and future projects of the young apprentices; check the perception of young apprentices about life projects and professional projects and analyzing whether the experience as a young apprentice is related to the discovery and improvement of personal and professional skills. Seventeen young people from three institutions who are part of the Learning Program, ADEPAB, SENAI and SENAC, in two cities in upstate São Paulo, participated in the research. The theoretical foundation of the research is supported by the studies of Abramo (2005), Pais (1993), Novaes (2006), Dayrell (2003), Leon (2009), among others. The qualitative research uses a semi-structured interview as a data collection instrument. After the interview transcription, an Excel spreadsheet was made in order to better visualize the collected data and to carry out an in-depth analysis, unveiling the research results. Firstly, it was made a pre-analysis of the material collected, later, a study of the content of the interviews was done and after that, it was the moment of interference and interpretation of the speeches of the young people interviewed. Starting from the treatment and analysis of the data, it appears that greater dissemination of the programs is necessary so that young people have access to this policy; the main motivations which young people related to the apprenticeship program are related to professional experience and salary acquisition; the program contributes to the development of skills such as proactivity, teamwork, planning, organization, among others. However, these are skills that point more to professional development; the program helps to awaken the interest of young people pursue their studies in higher education; It was learned that the program had a positive impact in their lives, nevertheless, there is an overload of work and study and heavy routines, which the companies and courses are not taking into consideration, and are not offering a good support for life projects related to leisure . In short, the results point to the need to rethink the contents of the training course of the Learning Program so that the knowledge built during the period of stay in the Program is not limited just to the professionals but also to other projects, and that, in addition, there is a new look at the youth, as individuals of rights not only to work, but also to quality education, leisure, citizenship, in a way that provides the development of awareness and the need to think and project the future , thus helping to build their life projects. As a product of the research, a booklet was prepared as a proposal for online dissemination, an incentive mechanism and reflections on the life project and professional and personal improvement of young people who are included in the learning program.
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Palavras-chave
Juventude, Programas de Aprendizagem, Projetos de vida, Jovens Aprendizes, Youth, Learning Programs, Life Projects, Young apprentices