Análise biomecânica em cadáveres de cães submetidos a fixação por meio de diferentes protocolos e análise microbiológica da solução de conservação visando ao ensino da anatomia e da cirurgia veterinária
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Data
2022-01-27
Autores
Junior, Sergio Silva Alves
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a viabilidade de novos protocolos relacionados com técnicas anatômicas para fixação e conservação de cadáveres de cães, por meio da injeção da solução de sal de cura, previamente ao agente fixador composto por álcool etílico (AE) e formaldeído em diferentes proporções e solução aquosa de cloreto de sódio a 30% (SACS 30%) na conservação. Análises biomecânicas e microbiológicas foram realizadas durante a fixação e conservação. Antes da injeção de sal de cura e do processo de fixação dos cadáveres foi realizada a coleta das amostras frescas da pele e jejuno para serem utilizadas como amostras controle. Os cadáveres foram sorteados em 4 grupos composto por oito animais e fixados: G1 (100% formaldeído), G2 (30% formaldeído e 70% AE), G3 (70% formaldeído e 30% AE) e G4 (50% formaldeído e 50% AE) e conservação em SACS 30% nos tempos D0 (9 dias após fixação), 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias. Os testes biomecânicos de tração foram realizados em amostra de pele e jejuno em todos os momentos sendo fresco (amostra controle), pós fixação e conservação. Também foram realizadas análises microbiológicas (utilizando a técnica de plaqueamento em profundidade) da solução ao final da fixação e durante a conservação em SACS 30%. A análise de variância de uma classificação (One-Way ANOVA) foi utilizada para medidas repetidas (tempos) para cada tratamento separadamente. Ainda para cada tratamento, foi realizada a comparação entre as amostras controle (frescas) e as amostras obtidas em tempos de tratamento com o teste T pareado. Não houve diferença estatística na força máxima de ruptura (FMR) da pele e jejuno entre o controle e os momentos de fixação e conservação. Comparando amostra fresca com o tempo D120, as menores variações foram observadas nos grupos G2 e G3 que apresentaram a FMR das amostras com diferença entre médias de pele (-14,2N) e jejuno (-0,28N) respectivamente. Em relação ao alongamento para ruptura (AR) da pele houve diferenças significativas no D30 no G2 e G3 e no D120 em todos os grupos, já em relação ao jejuno houve diferença significativa no D120 no G1 e G2. O G3 e G4 apresentaram menores variações no AR das amostras, com diferença entre médias de pele (1,32mm) e jejuno (0,23mm) respectivamente. Na análise microbiológica da SACS 30% não foram identificados microrganismos aeróbios e anaeróbios nos Grupos 1, 2, 3 e no grupo 4 foi encontrado, no tempo D120, a presença de Bacillus sp na quantidade de 1,0 x 10 UFC/mL. Sugere-se que o G3 (sal de cura, 30% AE e 70% de formaldeído) seja a melhor opção para fixação de cadáveres para uso como peças permanentes, que poderiam ser utilizadas tanto em aulas de anatomia como de cirurgia veterinária, pela maior proximidade com cadáveres fresco, coloração dos tecidos, além de controle microbiológico.
The objective of the present study was to determine the feasibility of new protocols related to anatomical techniques for fixation and conservation of dog cadavers, through the injection of a curing salt solution, prior to the fixation agent composed of ethyl alcohol (EA) and formaldehyde in different proportions and 30% sodium chloride aqueous solution (30% SACS) in storage. Biomechanical and microbiological analyzes were performed during fixation and conservation. Before the injection of curing salt and the process of fixing the corpses, fresh samples of the skin and jejunum were collected to be used as control samples. The cadavers were randomly assigned into 4 groups composed of eight animals and fixed: G1 (100% formaldehyde), G2 (30% formaldehyde and 70% AE), G3 (70% formaldehyde and 30% AE) and G4 (50% formaldehyde and 50 % AE) and conservation in SACS 30% at times D0 (9 days after fixation), 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. The biomechanical traction tests were performed on skin and jejunum samples at all times, being fresh (control sample), post fixation and conservation. Microbiological analyzes were also performed (using the deep plating technique) of the solution at the end of fixation and during storage in 30% SACS. One-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) was used for repeated measures (times) for each treatment separately. Also, for each treatment, a comparison was made between the control samples (fresh) and the samples obtained at treatment times with the paired T test. There was no statistical difference in the skin and jejunum maximum rupture force (RMF) between the control and the fixation and conservation moments. Comparing fresh samples with time D120, the smallest variations were observed in groups G2 and G3, which presented the FMR of the samples with difference between skin (-14.2N) and jejunum (-0.28N) means, respectively. Regarding the stretching to rupture (RA) of the skin, there were significant differences at D30 in G2 and G3 and at D120 in all groups, whereas in relation to the jejunum there was a significant difference at D120 in G1 and G2. G3 and G4 showed smaller variations in the AR of the samples, with a difference between skin (1.32mm) and jejunum (0.23mm) means, respectively. In the microbiological analysis of the 30% SACS, no aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms were identified in Groups 1, 2, 3 and in group 4, at D120, the presence of Bacillus sp was found in the amount of 1.0 x 10 CFU/mL. It is suggested that G3 (curing salt, 30% AE and 70% formaldehyde) is the best option for fixing cadavers for use as permanent pieces, which could be used both in anatomy and veterinary surgery classes, for proximity to fresh cadavers, tissue staining, and microbiological control.
The objective of the present study was to determine the feasibility of new protocols related to anatomical techniques for fixation and conservation of dog cadavers, through the injection of a curing salt solution, prior to the fixation agent composed of ethyl alcohol (EA) and formaldehyde in different proportions and 30% sodium chloride aqueous solution (30% SACS) in storage. Biomechanical and microbiological analyzes were performed during fixation and conservation. Before the injection of curing salt and the process of fixing the corpses, fresh samples of the skin and jejunum were collected to be used as control samples. The cadavers were randomly assigned into 4 groups composed of eight animals and fixed: G1 (100% formaldehyde), G2 (30% formaldehyde and 70% AE), G3 (70% formaldehyde and 30% AE) and G4 (50% formaldehyde and 50 % AE) and conservation in SACS 30% at times D0 (9 days after fixation), 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. The biomechanical traction tests were performed on skin and jejunum samples at all times, being fresh (control sample), post fixation and conservation. Microbiological analyzes were also performed (using the deep plating technique) of the solution at the end of fixation and during storage in 30% SACS. One-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) was used for repeated measures (times) for each treatment separately. Also, for each treatment, a comparison was made between the control samples (fresh) and the samples obtained at treatment times with the paired T test. There was no statistical difference in the skin and jejunum maximum rupture force (RMF) between the control and the fixation and conservation moments. Comparing fresh samples with time D120, the smallest variations were observed in groups G2 and G3, which presented the FMR of the samples with difference between skin (-14.2N) and jejunum (-0.28N) means, respectively. Regarding the stretching to rupture (RA) of the skin, there were significant differences at D30 in G2 and G3 and at D120 in all groups, whereas in relation to the jejunum there was a significant difference at D120 in G1 and G2. G3 and G4 showed smaller variations in the AR of the samples, with a difference between skin (1.32mm) and jejunum (0.23mm) means, respectively. In the microbiological analysis of the 30% SACS, no aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms were identified in Groups 1, 2, 3 and in group 4, at D120, the presence of Bacillus sp was found in the amount of 1.0 x 10 CFU/mL. It is suggested that G3 (curing salt, 30% AE and 70% formaldehyde) is the best option for fixing cadavers for use as permanent pieces, which could be used both in anatomy and veterinary surgery classes, for proximity to fresh cadavers, tissue staining, and microbiological control.
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Palavras-chave
Álcool etílico, Cloreto de sódio, Formaldeído, Ethyl alcohol, Sodium chloride, Formaldehyde