Variação genética para qualidade da madeira de progênies de Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All procedentes de diferentes biomas
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Data
2022-02-08
Autores
Martelo, Marisa Barbosa
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As intensas ações antrópicas estão cada vez mais afetando os biomas e as populações naturais, inclusive a Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. O trabalho objetivou avaliar a variação genética para qualidade da madeira em duas populações de M. urundeuva, procedentes dos biomas Caatinga e Mata Atlântica, em uma região do bioma Cerrado. Para tanto, foram avaliados dois testes de progênies em Selvíria-MS: i) o primeiro, com 12 progênies procedentes da Estação Ecológica de Seridó/RN (TP-POP-RN) com 6 repetições e 10 plantas por parcela linear; ii) o segundo, com 30 progênies procedentes da Estação Ecológica de Paulo de Faria/SP (TP-POP-PF) com 3 repetições e 10 plantas por parcela linear. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, no espaçamento de 3,0 m × 1,6 m. Aos 24 anos, foi conduzido um desbaste, adotando a seleção dentro de parcelas eliminando até cinco plantas com o menor valor genético em relação ao DAP. Nas árvores abatidas foram analisados: altura total (HT), altura comercial (HC), relação cerne/alburno (RCA) para os discos da Base (BA), Diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) e metade da altura comercial (50%HC) e a densidade básica da madeira (DB) para os discos do diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) e metade da altura comercial (50% HC) e a densidade básica média das árvores (DBM). Os parâmetros genéticos foram obtidos pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita e melhor predição linear não viciada (REML/BLUP). Para as árvores desbastadas, as médias de crescimento (HT e HC) foram maiores para TP-POP-PF (7,53 m > 5,80 m; 5,77 m > 3,74 m). Para caracteres associados a qualidade da madeira as maiores médias foram verificadas para TP-POP-RN: 0,37 e 0,32 para RCA BA; 0,24 e 0,19 para RCA DAP; 0,68 g cm-3 e 0,63 g cm-3 para DBM. As herdabilidades e os coeficientes de variação genética foram maiores para o HC, RCA BA e RCA DAP no TP-POP-RN. Houve diferença significativa para maioria dos caracteres com base no teste de deviance na análise conjunta. A maior associação entre RCA e DB ou DBM ocorreu no TP-POP-RN entre os discos do DAP com 50%HC e DBM (moderada). Houve a formação de um grupo para TP-POP-RN e nove grupos para TP-POP-PF pelo método de Toucher baseado na distância generalizada de Mahalanobis (D2). Existe variação genética entre as progênies e as procedências, permitindo compor programas de conservação e melhoramento genético.
The intense human actions are increasingly affecting biomes and natural populations, including Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. The study aimed to evaluate the genetic variation for wood quality in two populations of M. urundeuva, from the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes, in a region of the Cerrado biome. For that, two progenies tests were evaluated: i) the first, with 12 progenies from the Estação Ecológica de Seridó/RN (TP-POP-RN) with 6 replications and 10 plants per linear plot; ii) the second, with 30 progenies from the Ecological Station of Paulo de Faria/SP (TP-POP-PF) with 3 replications and 10 plants per linear plot. The experimental design was randomized blocks, spaced 3.0 m × 1.6 m. At 24 years of age, a thinning was carried out, adopting selection within plots, eliminating up to five plants with the lowest genetic value in relation to DBH. In the felled trees, the following were analyzed: total height (TH), commercial height (CH), heartwood/sapwood ratio (HSR) for the Base discs (BA), diameter at breast height (DBH) and half of the commercial height (50% CH) and wood basic density (BD) for discs with diameter at breast height (DBH) and half of commercial height (50% CH) and average tree basic density (ABD). The genetic parameters were obtained by the method of restricted maximum likelihood and best unbiased linear prediction (REML/BLUP). For thinned trees, the growth averages (TH and CH) were higher for TP-POP-PF (7.53 m > 5.80 m; 5.77 m > 3.74 m). For traits associated with wood quality, the highest averages were found for TP-POP-RN: 0.37 and 0.32 for HSR BA; 0.24 and 0.19 for HSR DBH; 0.68 g cm-3 and 0.63 g cm-3 for ABD. Heritabilities and coefficients of genetic variation were higher for CH, HSR BA and HSR DBH in TP-POP-RN. There was a significant difference for most traits based on the deviance test in the conjoint analysis. The greatest association between HSR and BD or ABD occurred in the TP-POP-RN between the DBH discs with 50%CH and ABD (moderate). One group was formed for TP-POP-RN and nine groups for TP-POPPF by the Toucher method based on the generalized Mahalanobis distance (D2). There is genetic variation between progenies and provenances, allowing for the creation of conservation and genetic improvement programs.
The intense human actions are increasingly affecting biomes and natural populations, including Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. The study aimed to evaluate the genetic variation for wood quality in two populations of M. urundeuva, from the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes, in a region of the Cerrado biome. For that, two progenies tests were evaluated: i) the first, with 12 progenies from the Estação Ecológica de Seridó/RN (TP-POP-RN) with 6 replications and 10 plants per linear plot; ii) the second, with 30 progenies from the Ecological Station of Paulo de Faria/SP (TP-POP-PF) with 3 replications and 10 plants per linear plot. The experimental design was randomized blocks, spaced 3.0 m × 1.6 m. At 24 years of age, a thinning was carried out, adopting selection within plots, eliminating up to five plants with the lowest genetic value in relation to DBH. In the felled trees, the following were analyzed: total height (TH), commercial height (CH), heartwood/sapwood ratio (HSR) for the Base discs (BA), diameter at breast height (DBH) and half of the commercial height (50% CH) and wood basic density (BD) for discs with diameter at breast height (DBH) and half of commercial height (50% CH) and average tree basic density (ABD). The genetic parameters were obtained by the method of restricted maximum likelihood and best unbiased linear prediction (REML/BLUP). For thinned trees, the growth averages (TH and CH) were higher for TP-POP-PF (7.53 m > 5.80 m; 5.77 m > 3.74 m). For traits associated with wood quality, the highest averages were found for TP-POP-RN: 0.37 and 0.32 for HSR BA; 0.24 and 0.19 for HSR DBH; 0.68 g cm-3 and 0.63 g cm-3 for ABD. Heritabilities and coefficients of genetic variation were higher for CH, HSR BA and HSR DBH in TP-POP-RN. There was a significant difference for most traits based on the deviance test in the conjoint analysis. The greatest association between HSR and BD or ABD occurred in the TP-POP-RN between the DBH discs with 50%CH and ABD (moderate). One group was formed for TP-POP-RN and nine groups for TP-POPPF by the Toucher method based on the generalized Mahalanobis distance (D2). There is genetic variation between progenies and provenances, allowing for the creation of conservation and genetic improvement programs.
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Palavras-chave
Aroeira, Conservação ex situ, Densidade básica, Espécie arbórea nativa, Parâmetros genéticos, Wood density, Ex situ conservation, Genetic parameters, Native tree species