Estimativa de erosão utilizando método direto e indireto em propriedade rural no distrito de Amadeu Amaral, município de Marília/SP
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Data
2022-02-08
Autores
Julian, Carolina
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A erosão é uma das principais formas de degradação dos solos, sendo que o entendimento das dinâmicas envolvidas no processo é fundamental para permitir o controle, conservação e recuperação do solo. A degradação não causa somente redução da produtividade agrícola, mas também prejuízos sob aspectos econômicos, sociais e ambientais. Para compreender os fatores e dinâmicas envolvidas na ocorrência do processo de erosão o uso de métodos de estimação de perda de solo são uma alternativa para isso. No estudo foi construída uma parcela de monitoramento, com calha coletora e com pinos de erosão, como métodos diretos, e a Equação Universal de Perda de Solos (EUPS), como método indireto. O estudo foi realizado em uma propriedade rural localizada no distrito de Amadeu Amaral, município de Marília/SP, considerando dois recortes espaciais distintos, uma a parcela de monitoramento e da propriedade. Os resultados indicam que a estimativa obtida por meio dos pinos de erosão é bastante superior ao obtido com a parcela de monitoramento, indicando que a primeira metodologia é mais suscetível às variações do ambiente. Os valores obtidos com a aplicação da EUPS resultaram em valores com ordem de grandeza diferentes, indicando que as características consideradas para o cálculo dos fatores da EUPS alteram de forma considerável a perda de solo estimada. Desta forma, verificou-se que as metodologias diretas permitem uma melhor visualização do escoamento superficial e da perda de solo no local e que a EUPS uma percepção sobre quais fatores têm mais influência na perda de solo. Além disso, que a escolha da metodologia deve ser realizada de forma criteriosa para que a mesma demonstre de forma mais próxima a situação real de campo.
Erosion is one of the main forms of soil degradation, and the understanding of the dynamics involved in the process is primordial to allow the control, conservation and recovery of the soil. Degradation does not just cause reduction of agricultural productivity, but also damages economic, social and environmental aspects. To comprehend the factors and dynamics involved in the erosion process we can use as an alternative the soil loss estimation methods. In the study, a monitoring plot was built, with a collector gutter and erosion pins, as direct method, and the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), as an indirect method. The study was conducted in a rural property located in the district of Amadeu Amaral, city of Marília/SP, considering two distinct spatial clippings, one the monitoring portion and the property. The results indicate that the estimate obtained by the erosion pins is much higher than that obtained with the monitoring plot, indicating that the first methodology is more susceptible to environmental variations. The values obtained with the application of USLE have resulted in values of different order of magnitude, indicating that the characteristics of the area considered to calculate USLE factors significantly alter the estimated soil loss. In this way, it was verified that the direct methodologies allow a better visualization of the surface runoff and of the soil loss in the site and that the USLE a perception about which factors have more influence on the soil loss. Moreover, that the choice of methodology should be made in a judicious way so that it demonstrates more closely the real situation of field.
Erosion is one of the main forms of soil degradation, and the understanding of the dynamics involved in the process is primordial to allow the control, conservation and recovery of the soil. Degradation does not just cause reduction of agricultural productivity, but also damages economic, social and environmental aspects. To comprehend the factors and dynamics involved in the erosion process we can use as an alternative the soil loss estimation methods. In the study, a monitoring plot was built, with a collector gutter and erosion pins, as direct method, and the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), as an indirect method. The study was conducted in a rural property located in the district of Amadeu Amaral, city of Marília/SP, considering two distinct spatial clippings, one the monitoring portion and the property. The results indicate that the estimate obtained by the erosion pins is much higher than that obtained with the monitoring plot, indicating that the first methodology is more susceptible to environmental variations. The values obtained with the application of USLE have resulted in values of different order of magnitude, indicating that the characteristics of the area considered to calculate USLE factors significantly alter the estimated soil loss. In this way, it was verified that the direct methodologies allow a better visualization of the surface runoff and of the soil loss in the site and that the USLE a perception about which factors have more influence on the soil loss. Moreover, that the choice of methodology should be made in a judicious way so that it demonstrates more closely the real situation of field.
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Erosão hídrica, Perda de solo, EUPS, Parcela de monitoramento, Pinos de erosão, Water erosion, Soil loss, USLE, Monitoring plots, Erosion pins