Órgãos reprodutivos e biologia reprodutiva em Cactaceae: uma visão geral
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2022-02-25
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Cactaceae se distribui por todo o continente americano, do Canadá à Patagônia, possuindo cerca de 1866 espécies. Estudos sobre morfologia e anatomia de suas flores e frutos são de extrema importância para fornecer informações para classificação sistemática e biologia reprodutiva da família. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica que contemplasse o estado-da-arte sobre morfologia e anatomia dos órgãos reprodutivos e biologia reprodutiva de Cactaceae, realizado através de consultas a literatura disponível e a distribuição em uma tabela para apresentar informações. Foram encontrados mais trabalhos referentes à morfologia do que à anatomia de Cactaceae. A morfologia das flores de Cactaceae é extremamente diversa, com o formato, o tamanho, a coloração e a parte externa variando de espécie para espécie, com a principal distinção entre os grupos basais para os derivados, sendo o ovário súpero, o número reduzido de carpelos e a transição abrupta entre pericarpelo e perianto, que em grupos derivados se tornam ovário ínfero, número aumentado de carpelos e uma transição mais gradual entre pericarpelo e perianto. A biologia reprodutiva é bastante diversa, com antese, síndrome polinizadora e sistemas reprodutivos variando dentro de Cactaceae. A morfologia dos frutos e sementes também é diversa, variando a morfologia externa, o formato, a cor e o tamanho, com o número de sementes aumentando conforme as espécies se tornam mais derivadas. Apesar dos resultados encontrados ao decorrer do trabalho, ainda existe uma grande lacuna no conhecimento sobre a anatomia e a morfologia das flores e frutos de Cactaceae, sendo um campo aberto para futuras pesquisas na área.
Cactaceae is distributed throughout the american continent, from Canada to Patagonia, having about 1866 species. Studies about the morphology and anatomy of its flowers and fruits are extremely important to provide information for the systematic classification and reproductive biology of the family. The main objective of this study is to present a literature review that contemplates the state-of-art on morphology and anatomy of reproductive organs and reproductive biology in Cactaceae, accomplished by consulting the available literature and distributing in a table to present information. There are more studies regarding the morphology than about the anatomy of reproductive organs in Cactaceae. The morphology of Cactaceae flowers is extremely diverse, with shape, size, color and the outside of the flower varying from species to species, with the main distinction between the basal to the derivatives, the ovary being superior, the reduced number of carpels and the abrupt transition between pericarpel and perianth, which in derived groups become an inferior ovary, an increased number of carpels and a more gradual transition between the pericarpel and perianth. The reproductive biology is diverse, with antesis, pollinator syndrome and reproductive systems varying within Cactaceae. The morphology of fruits and seeds is also diverse, varying the external morphology, the color and the size, with the number of seeds increasing as the species become more derived. Despite the results found during this study, there is still a large gap-of-knowledge about the anatomy and morphology of flowers and fruits of Cactaceae, standing an open field for future research in the area.
Cactaceae is distributed throughout the american continent, from Canada to Patagonia, having about 1866 species. Studies about the morphology and anatomy of its flowers and fruits are extremely important to provide information for the systematic classification and reproductive biology of the family. The main objective of this study is to present a literature review that contemplates the state-of-art on morphology and anatomy of reproductive organs and reproductive biology in Cactaceae, accomplished by consulting the available literature and distributing in a table to present information. There are more studies regarding the morphology than about the anatomy of reproductive organs in Cactaceae. The morphology of Cactaceae flowers is extremely diverse, with shape, size, color and the outside of the flower varying from species to species, with the main distinction between the basal to the derivatives, the ovary being superior, the reduced number of carpels and the abrupt transition between pericarpel and perianth, which in derived groups become an inferior ovary, an increased number of carpels and a more gradual transition between the pericarpel and perianth. The reproductive biology is diverse, with antesis, pollinator syndrome and reproductive systems varying within Cactaceae. The morphology of fruits and seeds is also diverse, varying the external morphology, the color and the size, with the number of seeds increasing as the species become more derived. Despite the results found during this study, there is still a large gap-of-knowledge about the anatomy and morphology of flowers and fruits of Cactaceae, standing an open field for future research in the area.
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Cactos, Botânica Morfologia, Anatomia vegetal, Flores