Dispersão de copaíba (copaifera langsdorffii desf.) por aves: uma análise comparativa de estudos
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Data
2022-03-04
Autores
Parmegiani, Matheus Cardozo
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A frugivoria é uma importante interação entre animais e plantas, sendo responsável pela dispersão de grande parte das espécies vegetais, além de nutrir os animais que consomem os frutos. A ornitocoria é a mais presente e a mais efetiva das dispersões, graças à grande diversidade de aves que possuem frutos em sua alimentação e por sua ampla mobilidade para buscar alimento. Para a realização deste estudo, foi feito uma busca bibliográfica de artigos que continham informação sobre Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae) e a sua dispersão de sementes por aves. Trata-se de uma espécie vegetal nativa do Brasil que apresenta distinção em relação a avifauna dispersora em diferentes regiões. Dentre os artigos selecionados constatou-se informações concordantes e discordantes entre si, basicamente sem um padrão que descrevesse a importância dos dispersores e de interações entre eles e a planta. Este trabalho tem como objetivo buscar padrões de interação copaíba-aves dentre os estudos selecionados, os quais possibilitassem uma comparação. Os resultados mostraram que no total dos quatro estudos utilizados, foram observadas 31 espécies, distribuídas em 11 famílias. Thraupidae foi a que mais se destacou com um total de 929 visitas, sendo 213 com interação ave-fruto em 10 espécies diferentes. Mais ainda, os artigos consultados registraram diversas espécies em comum, mas em geral muitas foram distintas, talvez por ter ocorrência em ambientes muito diversificados. Houve maior abundância de onívoros que em relação às demais guildas em todos artigos. As famílias identificadas como melhores dispersoras de C. langsdorffii foram Turdidae e Mimidae pois registraram espécies com maiores taxas de consumo do fruto inteiro, como Turdus leucomelas, Turdus amaurochalinus e Mimus saturninus. Tais espécies evitaram descartar ou derrubar a semente sob à planta-mãe. De uma forma geral, não foi possível estabelecer um padrão de espécies que são boas dispersoras de sementes, pois houve variação entre as mesmas espécies em diferentes indivíduos da copaíba. A espécie vegetal demonstrou ser melhor dispersa por aves especialistas de porte médio-grande, mas tais espécies necessitam de ambientes mais conservados para sobreviver. Portanto, as aves onívoras de tamanho médio observadas, como as do gênero Mimus e Turdus, têm significativa importância para a dispersão da Copaifera langsdorffii. Estes resultados observados evidenciam a necessidade de mais estudos sobre as relações da espécie vegetal com as aves.
Frugivory is an important interaction between animals and plants, being responsible for the dispersion of most plant species, in addition to nourishing the animals that consume the fruits. Ornithochory is the most present and most effective of the dispersions, thanks to the great diversity of birds that have fruits in their diet and for their wide mobility to look for food. For this study, a bibliographic search was made of articles that contained information about Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae) and your seed dispersal by birds. It is a plant species native to Brazil that presents distinction in relation to the dispersing avifauna in different regions. Among the selected articles, concordant and discordant information were found, basically without a pattern that would describe the importance of dispersers and the interactions between them and the plant. This work aims to search for patterns of copaiba-bird interaction among the selected studies, which would allow a comparison. The results showed that in the total of the four articles used, 31 species were observed, distributed in 11 families. Thraupidae was the one that stood out the most with a total of 929 visits, 213 with bird-fruit interaction in 10 different species. Furthermore, the articles consulted recorded several species in common, but in general many were distinct, perhaps because they occur in very diverse environments. There was a greater abundance of omnivores than in relation to other guilds in all articles. The families identified as the best dispersers of C. langsdorffii were Turdidae and Mimidae as they recorded species with higher rates of consumption of the whole fruit, such as Turdus leucomelas, Turdus amaurochalinus and Mimus saturninus. Such species avoided discarding or dropping the seed under the mother-plant. In general, it was not possible to establish a pattern of species that are good seed dispersers, as there was variation between the same species in different individuals of copaiba. This plant proved to be better dispersed by medium-large specialist birds, but these species needs more conserved environments to survive. So, the observed medium size omnivores, such as the genus Mimus and Turdus, have significant importance to the dispersal of Copaifera langsdorffii. This fact highlights the need for further studies on the relationship between plant species and birds.
Frugivory is an important interaction between animals and plants, being responsible for the dispersion of most plant species, in addition to nourishing the animals that consume the fruits. Ornithochory is the most present and most effective of the dispersions, thanks to the great diversity of birds that have fruits in their diet and for their wide mobility to look for food. For this study, a bibliographic search was made of articles that contained information about Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae) and your seed dispersal by birds. It is a plant species native to Brazil that presents distinction in relation to the dispersing avifauna in different regions. Among the selected articles, concordant and discordant information were found, basically without a pattern that would describe the importance of dispersers and the interactions between them and the plant. This work aims to search for patterns of copaiba-bird interaction among the selected studies, which would allow a comparison. The results showed that in the total of the four articles used, 31 species were observed, distributed in 11 families. Thraupidae was the one that stood out the most with a total of 929 visits, 213 with bird-fruit interaction in 10 different species. Furthermore, the articles consulted recorded several species in common, but in general many were distinct, perhaps because they occur in very diverse environments. There was a greater abundance of omnivores than in relation to other guilds in all articles. The families identified as the best dispersers of C. langsdorffii were Turdidae and Mimidae as they recorded species with higher rates of consumption of the whole fruit, such as Turdus leucomelas, Turdus amaurochalinus and Mimus saturninus. Such species avoided discarding or dropping the seed under the mother-plant. In general, it was not possible to establish a pattern of species that are good seed dispersers, as there was variation between the same species in different individuals of copaiba. This plant proved to be better dispersed by medium-large specialist birds, but these species needs more conserved environments to survive. So, the observed medium size omnivores, such as the genus Mimus and Turdus, have significant importance to the dispersal of Copaifera langsdorffii. This fact highlights the need for further studies on the relationship between plant species and birds.
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Palavras-chave
Frugivoria, Ornitocoria, Dispersoras de sementes, Frugivory, Ornithochory, Seed dispersers