Níveis proteicos e proporções de proteína de origem animal em dietas extrusadas para juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)
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Data
2021-07-29
Autores
Oliveira, Magdiel Santos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) é a espécie nativa que se destaca como uma das mais cultivadas nas regiões Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste do Brasil pelo seu alto valor comercial, rápido crescimento, fácil adaptação a alimentação artificial, podendo ainda ser explorado para a pesca esportiva. Essa espécie apresenta também altos coeficientes de digestibilidade da energia e proteína dos principais alimentos utilizados pelas fábricas de rações, que estão relacionados com vantagens morfológicas e histológicas de seu aparelho digestório. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo, a eficiência nutricional, os parâmetros metabólicos, os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da proteína e a avaliação econômica da produção de juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) alimentados com dietas extrusadas contendo diferentes níveis proteicos (PB) e proporções de proteína de origem animal (POA). Foram utilizados 270 juvenis de pacu com peso médio de 84,58 ± 3,13 gramas. Os peixes foram alimentados com dez dietas experimentais isoenergéticas 4000 Kcal/Kg -1 contendo 20, 24, 28, 32 ou 36% de proteína bruta e duas proporções de proteína de origem animal – POA (25 e 50%). Os juvenis de pacu foram alimentados três vezes ao dia até a saciedade aparente, durante 90 dias. Os resultados mostraram que houve influência dos níveis proteicos apenas para o ganho em peso (GP); conversão alimentar aparente (CAA) e taxa de eficiência proteica (TEP) e que a proporções de proteína de origem animal utilizada nas dietas 25 ou 50% não influenciaram no desempenho produtivo de juvenis de pacu. Os tratamentos com 28% de PB resultaram em maiores médias dos parâmetros de GP. Os peixes alimentados com as dietas de 28 e 32% de PB apresentaram as melhores médias para conversão alimentar. As médias de taxa de eficiência proteica (TEP), apesar de não terem diferido para as dietas 20, 24 e 28% de PB, seguiram o comportamento esperado de decréscimo numérico com a elevação dos teores proteicos até 36%. A dieta com 28% de PB apresentou a maior média para o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da proteína com 83,49 ± 3,72%. Não houve efeito das proporções de proteína de origem animal e dos níveis proteicos para os parâmetros de glicose, triglicerídeos e colesterol. Para a proteína total foi observado o efeito de interação entre os níveis de PB e POA. O nível 28% de proteína bruta resultou no melhor desempenho para os juvenis de pacu, sem efeito das proporções de proteína de origem animal (25 e 50%).
Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is a native species that stands out as one of the most cultivated in the South, Southeast and Center-West regions of Brazil due to its high commercial value, fast growing, easy to adapt artificially, and can also be exploited for sport fishing. This species also has high coefficients of digestibility of energy and protein of the main foods used by feed mills, which are related to morphological and histological advantages of its digestive system. The aim of the study was to assess the productive performance, nutritional efficiency, metabolic parameters, apparent protein digestibility coefficients and economic evaluation of the production of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles fed with extruded diets containing different levels of protein (CP) and proportions of protein of animal origin (PAO). A total of 270 pacu juveniles with an average weight of 84.58 ± 3.13 grams were used. The fish were fed ten isoenergetic experimental diets 4000 Kcal/Kg -1 containing 20, 24, 28, 32 or 36% of crude protein and two proportions of protein of animal origin – PAO (25 and 50%). Pacu juveniles were fed three times a day until apparent satiation, for 90 days. The results showed that there was an influence of protein levels only for weight gain; apparent feed conversion and protein efficiency rate and that the proportions of animal protein used in the 25 or 50% diets did not influence the productive performance of pacu juveniles. Treatments with 28% CP resulted in higher means of weight gain parameters. Fish fed diets with 28 and 32% CP had the best means for feed conversion. The protein efficiency rate averages, despite not having differed for the 20, 24 and 28% CP diets, followed the expected behavior of numerical decrease with the increase of protein contents up to 36%. The diet with 28% of CP had the highest average for the coefficient of apparent digestibility of the protein with 83.49 ± 3.72%. There was no effect of animal protein proportions and protein levels for glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol parameters. For total protein, the effect of interaction between CP and PAO levels was observed. The 28% crude protein level resulted in the best performance for pacu juveniles, with no effect of animal protein proportions (25 and 50%).
Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is a native species that stands out as one of the most cultivated in the South, Southeast and Center-West regions of Brazil due to its high commercial value, fast growing, easy to adapt artificially, and can also be exploited for sport fishing. This species also has high coefficients of digestibility of energy and protein of the main foods used by feed mills, which are related to morphological and histological advantages of its digestive system. The aim of the study was to assess the productive performance, nutritional efficiency, metabolic parameters, apparent protein digestibility coefficients and economic evaluation of the production of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles fed with extruded diets containing different levels of protein (CP) and proportions of protein of animal origin (PAO). A total of 270 pacu juveniles with an average weight of 84.58 ± 3.13 grams were used. The fish were fed ten isoenergetic experimental diets 4000 Kcal/Kg -1 containing 20, 24, 28, 32 or 36% of crude protein and two proportions of protein of animal origin – PAO (25 and 50%). Pacu juveniles were fed three times a day until apparent satiation, for 90 days. The results showed that there was an influence of protein levels only for weight gain; apparent feed conversion and protein efficiency rate and that the proportions of animal protein used in the 25 or 50% diets did not influence the productive performance of pacu juveniles. Treatments with 28% CP resulted in higher means of weight gain parameters. Fish fed diets with 28 and 32% CP had the best means for feed conversion. The protein efficiency rate averages, despite not having differed for the 20, 24 and 28% CP diets, followed the expected behavior of numerical decrease with the increase of protein contents up to 36%. The diet with 28% of CP had the highest average for the coefficient of apparent digestibility of the protein with 83.49 ± 3.72%. There was no effect of animal protein proportions and protein levels for glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol parameters. For total protein, the effect of interaction between CP and PAO levels was observed. The 28% crude protein level resulted in the best performance for pacu juveniles, with no effect of animal protein proportions (25 and 50%).
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Desempenho, Digestibilidade, Metabolismo, Nutrição