Modulação da expressão gênica em uma comunidade de bactérias em resposta aos metais cobre e cromo
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Data
2022-03-14
Autores
Biasi, Julia Sandrini de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Devido ao rápido desenvolvimento industrial e crescimento populacional, nosso planeta vem sofrendo a cada dia com problemas de poluição, principalmente devido a atividades antrópicas. O solo, assim como os corpos hídricos, acaba sendo um dos locais mais prejudicados pela poluição, onde, os metais potencialmente tóxicos têm se tornado um dos mais preocupantes poluentes. Metais potencialmente tóxicos são classificados como sendo substâncias que, mesmo presentes em pequenas concentrações, podem proporcionar diversos prejuízos aos seres vivos. Sendo assim, estratégias de remediação têm sido propostas, onde a biorremediação (processo remediativo realizado por organismos vivos) tem ganhado destaque por ser uma estratégia sustentável sob os pontos de vista econômico e ambiental. Dentre os potenciais organismos vivos usados em estudos de biorremediação, os microrganismos, principalmente as bactérias, acabam sendo ótimas escolhas devido à capacidade de sobreviverem a uma diversidade de ambientes graças à rapidez e facilidade com que enfrentam mecanismos evolutivos. Logo, com o intuito de estudar e compreender mais a respeito dos mecanismos genéticos bacterianos envolvidos na resistência a metais, um estudo envolvendo a análise do metatranscriptoma de uma comunidade bacteriana encontrada originalmente em amostras de raízes da leguminosa Arachis pintoi foi desafiada frente aos metais cromo (trivalente e hexavalente) e cobre. Com o isolamento e análises de marcadores moleculares (gene 16S), foram identificados quatro isolados bacterianos nessa comunidade, correspondentes às espécies Brevundimonas vesiculares, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Rhizobium tropici e Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) meliloti. A partir da análise do metatranscriptoma foram revelados genes diferencialmente expressos presentes na comunidade desafiada por esses metais. Foram identificados genes relacionados aos principais mecanismos de resistência e tolerância bacteriana a metais, entre eles transportadores ABC, bombas de efluxo e proteínas de membrana, concluindo-se a existência de uma intrínseca e complexa rede de interações entre genes expressos por essas bactérias quando na presença dos metais potencialmente tóxicos.
Due to rapid industrial development and population growth, our planet is suffering from pollution problems every day, mainly due to human activities. Soil, as well as water bodies, end up being the places most affected by pollution, where potentially toxic metals have become one of the most worrying pollutants. Potentially toxic metals are classified as substances that, even present in small concentrations, can cause several damages to living beings. Thus, remediation strategies have been proposed, where bioremediation (remediation process carried out by living organisms) has gained prominence for being a sustainable strategy from an economic and environmental point of view. Among the potential living organisms used in bioremediation studies, microorganisms, especially bacteria, end up being great choices due to their ability to survive in a variety of environments thanks to the speed and ease with which they face evolutionary mechanisms. Therefore, in order to study and understand more about the bacterial genetic mechanisms involved in resistance to metals, a study involving the analysis of the metatranscriptome of a bacterial community originally found in the root samples of leguminous plants Arachis pintoi, and it was challenged against the metals chromium ( trivalent and hexavalent) and copper. With the isolation and analysis of molecular markers (gene 16S), four bacterial isolates were identified in this community, corresponding to the species Brevundimonas vesiculares, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Rhizobium tropici and Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) meliloti. From the analysis of the metatranscriptome, differentially expressed genes present in the community challenged by these metals were revealed. Genes related to the main mechanisms of bacterial resistance and tolerance to metals were identified, including ABC transporters, efflux pumps and membrane proteins, concluding the existence of an intrinsic and complex network of interactions between genes expressed by these bacteria when in the presence of potentially toxic metals.
Due to rapid industrial development and population growth, our planet is suffering from pollution problems every day, mainly due to human activities. Soil, as well as water bodies, end up being the places most affected by pollution, where potentially toxic metals have become one of the most worrying pollutants. Potentially toxic metals are classified as substances that, even present in small concentrations, can cause several damages to living beings. Thus, remediation strategies have been proposed, where bioremediation (remediation process carried out by living organisms) has gained prominence for being a sustainable strategy from an economic and environmental point of view. Among the potential living organisms used in bioremediation studies, microorganisms, especially bacteria, end up being great choices due to their ability to survive in a variety of environments thanks to the speed and ease with which they face evolutionary mechanisms. Therefore, in order to study and understand more about the bacterial genetic mechanisms involved in resistance to metals, a study involving the analysis of the metatranscriptome of a bacterial community originally found in the root samples of leguminous plants Arachis pintoi, and it was challenged against the metals chromium ( trivalent and hexavalent) and copper. With the isolation and analysis of molecular markers (gene 16S), four bacterial isolates were identified in this community, corresponding to the species Brevundimonas vesiculares, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Rhizobium tropici and Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) meliloti. From the analysis of the metatranscriptome, differentially expressed genes present in the community challenged by these metals were revealed. Genes related to the main mechanisms of bacterial resistance and tolerance to metals were identified, including ABC transporters, efflux pumps and membrane proteins, concluding the existence of an intrinsic and complex network of interactions between genes expressed by these bacteria when in the presence of potentially toxic metals.
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Ciências biológicas, Sequenciamento de nucleotídeos em larga escala, Transcriptoma, Metais pesados, Bactérias