Aplicação das garantias processuais constitucionais aos processos decisórios de natureza privada
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Data
2021-11-26
Autores
Gajardoni, Rosana Medeiros Veluci
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A positivação das garantias constitucionais do processo representa um enorme avanço na disciplina do direito processual (civil, penal e trabalhista), especialmente com o advento da Lei 13.105/2015 (Código de Processo Civil de 2015), que, logo em seu art. 1º, estabelece a necessidade de a legislação processual ser interpretada de acordo com os valores constitucionais. Se, por um lado, não resta mais dúvida alguma na atualidade da aplicação destas garantais ao processo decisório estatal – jurisdicional e não jurisdicional (administrativo) –, por outro, ainda se debate a possibilidade de extensão delas para o âmbito privado, isto é, para as relações jurídicas de natureza não estatal (eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais). Em outros termos, as garantias do devido processo legal, do contraditório, da ampla defesa, da publicidade, da fundamentação das decisões, do juiz natural, entre tantas outras, seriam aplicáveis aos processos decisórios de natureza privada, tais como os havidos em associações, condomínios, cooperativas, sociedades empresárias, entre outras? As pessoas jurídicas privadas estariam obrigadas, pela Carta Constitucional brasileira, a respeitar o feixe de garantias constitucionais e sociais do processo nos seus processos decisórios, em especial naqueles em que alcançam seus sócios/associados/cooperados, bem como em relação a terceiros? Em caso positivo, para todas estas relações ou apenas para as de natureza sancionatória? A pesquisa proposta objetiva exatamente investigar tais proposições e levantar, através da metodologia bibliográfica dedutiva, à luz da doutrina (nacional e internacional) e jurisprudência, em que medida há entre nós a garantia constitucional do devido processo legal nos processos decisórios de natureza privada; sua extensão à luz do princípio da autonomia da vontade; suas aplicações práticas e seus limites.
The affirmation of the constitutional guarantees of the process represents a huge advance in the discipline of procedural law (civil, criminal, and labor), especially with the enactment of Law 13.105/2015 (Civil Procedure Code of 2015), which, right in its 1st article, establishes the need for procedural legislation to be interpreted in accordance with constitutional values. If, in one side, there is no longer any doubt in the current application of these guarantees to the state decision-making process - jurisdictional and non-jurisdictional (administrative), in the other side, the possibility of extending them to the private sphere is still debated, that is, for legal relationships of a non-state nature (horizontal effectiveness of fundamental rights). In other words, would the guarantees of due process of law, of adversarial proceedings, of ample defense, of publicity, of decision reasoning, of the natural judge, among many others, apply to decision-making processes of a private nature, such as those taking place in associations, condominiums, cooperatives, business companies, among others? Would private legal entities be obliged, by the Brazilian Constitutional Charter, to respect the bundle of constitutional and social guarantees of the process in their decision-making processes, especially those in which they reach their partners/associates/cooperates, as well as in relation to third parties? If so, for all these relationships or just for those of a sanctioning nature? The proposed research aims to exactly investigate such propositions, and to raise through deductive bibliographic methodology in the light of the doctrine (national and international) and jurisprudence, to what extent there is among us the constitutional guarantee of the in decision-making processes of a private nature, its extension in light of the principle of autonomy of the will, its practical applications and its limits.
The affirmation of the constitutional guarantees of the process represents a huge advance in the discipline of procedural law (civil, criminal, and labor), especially with the enactment of Law 13.105/2015 (Civil Procedure Code of 2015), which, right in its 1st article, establishes the need for procedural legislation to be interpreted in accordance with constitutional values. If, in one side, there is no longer any doubt in the current application of these guarantees to the state decision-making process - jurisdictional and non-jurisdictional (administrative), in the other side, the possibility of extending them to the private sphere is still debated, that is, for legal relationships of a non-state nature (horizontal effectiveness of fundamental rights). In other words, would the guarantees of due process of law, of adversarial proceedings, of ample defense, of publicity, of decision reasoning, of the natural judge, among many others, apply to decision-making processes of a private nature, such as those taking place in associations, condominiums, cooperatives, business companies, among others? Would private legal entities be obliged, by the Brazilian Constitutional Charter, to respect the bundle of constitutional and social guarantees of the process in their decision-making processes, especially those in which they reach their partners/associates/cooperates, as well as in relation to third parties? If so, for all these relationships or just for those of a sanctioning nature? The proposed research aims to exactly investigate such propositions, and to raise through deductive bibliographic methodology in the light of the doctrine (national and international) and jurisprudence, to what extent there is among us the constitutional guarantee of the in decision-making processes of a private nature, its extension in light of the principle of autonomy of the will, its practical applications and its limits.
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Palavras-chave
Devido processo legal, Garantias constitucionais, Relações privadas, Processos decisórios, Due process of law, Constitutional guarantees, Private relationships, Decision-making processes