Uma abordagem em One Health para estabelecer as potenciais rotas de distribuição de resistência a antibióticos em uma cadeia de produção de carne suína
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Data
2022-01-28
Autores
Sampaio, Aryele Nunes da Cruz Encide
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a frequência, perfil fenotípico e multirresistência aos antimicrobianos, produção de Beta-lactamases de Espectro Estendido (ESBL) e comparar o perfil fenotípico de resistência de isolados de Escherichia coli da cadeia produtiva de suínos, bem como a comparação do perfil fenotípico dos isolados entre os diferentes tipos de amostras. Para tanto, foram coletadas um total de 622 amostras de carcaças e fezes suínas, cortes comerciais, ambiente e fezes de funcionários de um abatedouro de suínos certificado pelo Serviço de Inspeção Federal, localizado na microrregião de Avaré, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. 73,6 % das amostras foram positivas e 1260 isolados de E. coli foram obtidos das amostras. Nenhum isolado foi obtido de amostras de água. Para o teste de disco-difusão em ágar, foram utilizados 12 antimicrobianos: amoxicilina, ceftiofur, ceftazidima, cefotaxima, imipenem, aztreonam, gentamicina, tetraciclina, ciprofloxacino, sulfametoxazol com trimetoprima, cloranfenicol e azitromicina. Para confirmação da produção de ESBL, os isolados de E. coli foram submetidos ao teste de sinergismo de disco duplo utilizando cefotaxima, ceftazidima e amoxicilina com ácido clavulânico. Observou-se alta frequência de resistência à cinco classes de antimicrobianos representadas pelos fármacos amoxicilina, gentamicina, tetraciclina sulfametoxazol com trimetorpima e cloranfenicol. Do total de isolados de E. coli, 80,71 % apresentaram perfil de multidroga resistência (MDR). Todos isolados produtores de ESBL tiveram perfil MDR e foram 100 % resistentes à amoxicilina, tetracilina e cloranfenicol. Os isolados de amostras de fezes humanas se destacaram com menores chances de serem MDR em referência às demais origens amostrais. Para a análise do dendrograma, os isolados de E. coli apresentaram uma diversidade dos perfis de resistência nas variáveis amostrais não ocorrendo um agrupamento em clusteres segundo as origens das amostras, com exceção dos isolados de fezes humanas que tenderam a se agruparem, evidenciando a menor resistência antimicrobiana (RAM) dessa variável amostral em relação as demais. A resistência antimicrobiana é uma questão importante para a saúde pública e uma abordagem ampla e multidisciplinar é essencial para reduzir os riscos em um contexto de Saúde Única.
The aim of the study was to determine the frequency, phenotypic profile, resistance and multiresistance to antimicrobials and production of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBLs) of Escherichia coli isolates from the swine production chain, as well as comparing the resistance profile of isolates among different types of samples. For this purpose, a total of 622 samples of swine carcasses from different stages of slaughter process (n=400), swine feces (n=100), commercial cuts (n=45), environment (n=67) and feces from employees (n=10) of a pig slaughterhouse certified by the Federal Inspection Service, located in São Paulo state, Brazil, were collected. From these, 73,6 % were positive and 1260 E. coli isolates were obtained from samples. No isolates were obtained from water samples. The agar disk diffusion test, with 12 antimicrobials was used named: amoxicillin, ceftiofur, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, imipenem, aztreonam, gentamicin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim, chloramphenicol and azithromycin. To confirm the production of ESBLs, E. coli isolates were submitted to a double-disk synergism test with cefotaxime, ceftazidime and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. There was a high resistance frequency for five classes of antimicrobials (amoxicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim and chloramphenicol). Of all isolates, 80.71 % were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Every ESBL producing isolate was MDR and resistant to amoxicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Isolates from human feces samples had less chances of being MDR than samples from other sources. A diversity of resistance profiles was verified within the samples, not clustering according to samples sources, with the exception of human feces isolates that tended to cluster, evidencing lower antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of these samples. In this study, high rates of multidrug resistance and ESBL-producing strains were observed in Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial resistance is of paramount importance for Public Health and a broad and multidisciplinary approach is essential for reducing risks in the one health context.
The aim of the study was to determine the frequency, phenotypic profile, resistance and multiresistance to antimicrobials and production of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBLs) of Escherichia coli isolates from the swine production chain, as well as comparing the resistance profile of isolates among different types of samples. For this purpose, a total of 622 samples of swine carcasses from different stages of slaughter process (n=400), swine feces (n=100), commercial cuts (n=45), environment (n=67) and feces from employees (n=10) of a pig slaughterhouse certified by the Federal Inspection Service, located in São Paulo state, Brazil, were collected. From these, 73,6 % were positive and 1260 E. coli isolates were obtained from samples. No isolates were obtained from water samples. The agar disk diffusion test, with 12 antimicrobials was used named: amoxicillin, ceftiofur, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, imipenem, aztreonam, gentamicin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim, chloramphenicol and azithromycin. To confirm the production of ESBLs, E. coli isolates were submitted to a double-disk synergism test with cefotaxime, ceftazidime and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. There was a high resistance frequency for five classes of antimicrobials (amoxicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim and chloramphenicol). Of all isolates, 80.71 % were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Every ESBL producing isolate was MDR and resistant to amoxicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Isolates from human feces samples had less chances of being MDR than samples from other sources. A diversity of resistance profiles was verified within the samples, not clustering according to samples sources, with the exception of human feces isolates that tended to cluster, evidencing lower antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of these samples. In this study, high rates of multidrug resistance and ESBL-producing strains were observed in Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial resistance is of paramount importance for Public Health and a broad and multidisciplinary approach is essential for reducing risks in the one health context.
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Palavras-chave
Enterobactérias, ESBL, Resistência múltipla aos antimicrobianos, Suídeos, Enterobacterias, Multidrug-resistant, Pigs