Novas e velhas faces do trabalho precarizado e seus impactos na saúde do trabalhador: análise de matérias jornalísticas sobre trabalho informal
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Data
2022-02-24
Autores
Souza, Rodrigo Stringheta
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O trabalho pode ser compreendido não apenas como o processo no qual o ser humano emprega suas forças para atuar sobre a natureza externa garantindo a sua subsistência, mas, também, como a atividade por meio da qual ele desenvolve suas potencialidades. O processo de desenvolvimento do capitalismo promoveu mudanças na sociedade e nas relações sociais de produção, marcadas pela incorporação de novas tecnologias e novos métodos gerenciais, tornando instáveis e inseguras as relações e condições de trabalho. Estas mudanças foram acompanhadas por alterações nas formas de manifestação de sofrimento e de adoecimento apresentados pelos trabalhadores. O contexto atual do neoliberalismo econômico atinge de forma severa a classe trabalhadora ao buscar a maximização de lucros, limitando direitos. Assim, procura meios de desvincular o trabalhador do emprego formal como antes conhecido, precarizando formas de contratação e condições de trabalho. Nesta conjuntura, realizou-se a presente pesquisa com o objetivo de conhecer posicionamentos de trabalhadores sobre o trabalho informal, divulgados em matérias jornalísticas veiculadas em mídia digital, buscando descrever e classificar aspectos deste trabalho e identificar consequências aos trabalhadores. Optou-se pela metodologia qualitativa, estudo exploratório e técnicas de investigação documental, o tratamento e análise do material aconteceu por meio da análise de conteúdo, na modalidade temática. Da análise dos dados emergiram cinco núcleos temáticos: a) Trabalho pela sobrevivência: “atitude desesperada”; b) Exploração: “nossas vidas não têm importância nenhuma para essas empresas”; c) Vida precarizada: “não tem tempo para dar um beijo no seu filho”; d) Vida adiada: “assim vai indo!”; e) O mito do empreendedorismo e autonomia: “o trabalho é a gente que faz”. Os resultados sugerem que os trabalhadores têm consciência de sua situação, de falta de direitos trabalhistas e previdenciários, com garantia somente da sobrevivência, com limitadas possibilidades de planos futuros, mas submetem-se pela urgência e necessidade de auferir algum ganho financeiro.
The work can be understood not only as the process in which the human being uses its forces to act on the external nature guaranteeing its subsistence, but also as the activity through which it develops its potentialities. The development process of capitalism promoted changes in society and in the social relations of production, marked by the incorporation of new technologies and new management methods, making work relations and conditions unstable and insecure. These changes were accompanied by changes in the manifestations of suffering and illness presented by the workers. The current context of economic neoliberalism severely affects the working class by seeking to maximize profits, limiting rights. Thus, it looks for ways to disconnect the worker from the formal job as it was known before, making forms of contracting and working conditions precarious. At this juncture, the present research was carried out with the objective of knowing the positions of workers on informal work, published in journalistic articles published in digital media, seeking to describe and classify aspects of this work and identify consequences for workers. We opted for the qualitative methodology, exploratory study and documental investigation techniques, the treatment and analysis of the material took place through content analysis, in the thematic modality. From the data analysis, five thematic nuclei emerged: a) Work for survival: “desperate attitude”; b) Exploitation: “our lives are of no importance to these companies”; c) Precarious life: “you don't have time to kiss your child”; d) Delayed life: “so it goes!”; e) The myth of entrepreneurship and autonomy: “the work is done by us”. The results suggest that workers are aware of their situation, of lack of labor and social security rights, with only a guarantee of survival, with limited possibilities for future plans, but they submit due to the urgency and need to earn some financial gain.
The work can be understood not only as the process in which the human being uses its forces to act on the external nature guaranteeing its subsistence, but also as the activity through which it develops its potentialities. The development process of capitalism promoted changes in society and in the social relations of production, marked by the incorporation of new technologies and new management methods, making work relations and conditions unstable and insecure. These changes were accompanied by changes in the manifestations of suffering and illness presented by the workers. The current context of economic neoliberalism severely affects the working class by seeking to maximize profits, limiting rights. Thus, it looks for ways to disconnect the worker from the formal job as it was known before, making forms of contracting and working conditions precarious. At this juncture, the present research was carried out with the objective of knowing the positions of workers on informal work, published in journalistic articles published in digital media, seeking to describe and classify aspects of this work and identify consequences for workers. We opted for the qualitative methodology, exploratory study and documental investigation techniques, the treatment and analysis of the material took place through content analysis, in the thematic modality. From the data analysis, five thematic nuclei emerged: a) Work for survival: “desperate attitude”; b) Exploitation: “our lives are of no importance to these companies”; c) Precarious life: “you don't have time to kiss your child”; d) Delayed life: “so it goes!”; e) The myth of entrepreneurship and autonomy: “the work is done by us”. The results suggest that workers are aware of their situation, of lack of labor and social security rights, with only a guarantee of survival, with limited possibilities for future plans, but they submit due to the urgency and need to earn some financial gain.
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Palavras-chave
Trabalho precarizado, Trabalho informal, Uberização, Saúde do trabalhador, Reforma trabalhista, Relações trabalhistas, Precarização do trabalho