Bioprospecção de compostos bioativos: descoberta de peptídeos inovadores presentes na fauna acompanhante
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Data
2022-02-21
Autores
Galendi, Vicky Balesteros da Silva Blumen
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A fauna acompanhante está presente nas atividades pesqueiras realizadas por meio da rede de arrasto e na maioria dos casos, somam cerca de 50% da captura. Por não representar valor econômico, esta é comumente descartada de volta ao mar morta ou moribunda, causando ainda um grande desequilíbrio no ecossistema marinho local. Devido ao declínio mundial das populações de peixes, ao aumento da poluição e ao reconhecimento da limitação dos recursos biológicos, a necessidade de utilizar o bycatch de forma consciente torna-se indispensável. Atualmente, este material tem fomentado o interesse biotecnológico por meio de sua utilização para a identificação de compostos bioativos com atividades analgésicas, antioxidantes, antimicrobianas, imunorreguladoras, entre outras. As amostras presentes neste estudo foram coletadas em Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brasil, e revelaram que, naquela área, o Paralonchurus brasiliensis, o Micropogonias furnieri e o Hepatus pudibundus são as espécies mais abundantes no bycatch proveniente da pesca de camarão sete-barbas. Após a hidrólise das amostras, estas apresentaram uma alta capacidade antioxidante e potencial para ser uma ferramenta biotecnológica no combate ao estresse oxidativo. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar compostos expressos em animais presentes na fauna acompanhante, a fim de identificar compostos bioativos, investigar atividades biológicas e possíveis meios de utilização dessa fauna descartada, visando potenciais farmacológicos e nutracêuticos. Para isso, foram realizadas diversas análises proteômicas. Dessa maneira a efetividade da digestão pelas hidrólises com Alcalase e Protamex foi comprovada, bem como sua eficácia na obtenção de peptídeos complexos. A maioria dos peptídeos são polares com potencial nutracêutico, já que são facilmente diluídos. Vale ressaltar que esses peptídeos possuem também um potencial de utilização como modelos para a produção de peptídeos sintéticos devido às suas ações biológicas, sendo estes peptídeos análogos – que possuem maior permeabilidade de membrana e maior sobrevida. Com o resultado obtido pelo banco de dados BioPep foi possível prever diversas atividades bioativas, como atividade antioxidante, inibidora de alfa-glicosidase, inibidora de enzima conversora de angiotensina, antiamnésica, antitrombótica, hipertensora, neuropeptídica, entre outras, ressaltando seu potencial visando questões de saúde pública. O bycatch pode, portanto, representar uma fonte de peptídeos únicos com inúmeras utilizações como bioprodutos comerciais, sendo assim, há uma ampla gama de possibilidades para trabalhar com essa fauna inexplorada.
The bycatch is present in the fishing by means of the trawl and in most cases, they are about 50% of the catch. As they have no economic value, this is commonly discarded back into the sea dead or dying, causing a major imbalance in the local marine ecosystem. Due to the worldwide decline in fish populations, the increase in pollution and the recognition of the limitation of biological resources, it is essential to use bycatch consciously. Currently, this material has fostered biotechnological interest for its use in the bioprospecting of bioactive compounds with analgesic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunoregulatory activities, among others. The samples present in this study were collected in Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil, and revealed that, in that area, Paralonchurus brasiliensis, Micropogonias furnieri and Hepatus pudibundus are the most abundant species in the bycatch from the seven-barb shrimp fishery. After hydrolysis of the samples, they showed a high antioxidant capacity and potential to be a biotechnological tool in the fight against oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize compounds expressed in animals present in bycatch and, in order to identify bioactive compounds, investigate biological activities and possible ways of using this discarded fauna, aiming at pharmacological and nutraceutical potential. For this, several proteomic analyzes were performed. In this way, the effectiveness of the digestion performed by the hydrolysis with Alcalase and Protamex was proven, as well as its effectiveness in obtaining complex peptides. Most peptides are polar with nutraceutical potential, as they are easily diluted. It is worth mentioning that these peptides also have the potential to be used as models for the production of synthetic peptides due to their biological actions, which are analogous peptides - which have greater membrane permeability and greater survival. Several bioactive activities were found, such as antioxidant activity, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitor, antiamnesic, antithrombotic, hypertensive, neuropeptide, among others, highlighting its potential for public health issues. Therefore, bycatch represents a source of unique peptides with numerous uses as commercial bioproducts, thus, there is a wide range of possibilities for using this unexplored fauna.
The bycatch is present in the fishing by means of the trawl and in most cases, they are about 50% of the catch. As they have no economic value, this is commonly discarded back into the sea dead or dying, causing a major imbalance in the local marine ecosystem. Due to the worldwide decline in fish populations, the increase in pollution and the recognition of the limitation of biological resources, it is essential to use bycatch consciously. Currently, this material has fostered biotechnological interest for its use in the bioprospecting of bioactive compounds with analgesic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunoregulatory activities, among others. The samples present in this study were collected in Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil, and revealed that, in that area, Paralonchurus brasiliensis, Micropogonias furnieri and Hepatus pudibundus are the most abundant species in the bycatch from the seven-barb shrimp fishery. After hydrolysis of the samples, they showed a high antioxidant capacity and potential to be a biotechnological tool in the fight against oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize compounds expressed in animals present in bycatch and, in order to identify bioactive compounds, investigate biological activities and possible ways of using this discarded fauna, aiming at pharmacological and nutraceutical potential. For this, several proteomic analyzes were performed. In this way, the effectiveness of the digestion performed by the hydrolysis with Alcalase and Protamex was proven, as well as its effectiveness in obtaining complex peptides. Most peptides are polar with nutraceutical potential, as they are easily diluted. It is worth mentioning that these peptides also have the potential to be used as models for the production of synthetic peptides due to their biological actions, which are analogous peptides - which have greater membrane permeability and greater survival. Several bioactive activities were found, such as antioxidant activity, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitor, antiamnesic, antithrombotic, hypertensive, neuropeptide, among others, highlighting its potential for public health issues. Therefore, bycatch represents a source of unique peptides with numerous uses as commercial bioproducts, thus, there is a wide range of possibilities for using this unexplored fauna.
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Palavras-chave
Paralonchurus brasiliensis, Micropogonias furnieri, Hepatus pudibundus, Peptídeos, Bycatch, Antioxidantes, Fauna acompanhante, Bioprospecção, Peptides, Antioxidants, Bioprospecting, Proteomics