Estudo dos impactos da transição energética no mercado livre de energia
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Data
2022-02-02
Autores
Merlin, João Fábio Barboza
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O mundo moderno, na medida que foi se desenvolvendo, tornou-se cada vez mais dependente de recursos energéticos e eletricidade para expandir suas produções e suprir a sociedade. Nesse contexto, as fontes fósseis se mostraram bastante favoráveis para utilização, porém apresentavam caráter finito e alto índice de emissão de gases do efeito estufa, através da combustão dessas fontes. Dessa forma, a comunidade global se uniu a fim de explorar novas fontes de energia que pudessem mitigar os problemas ambientais e diminuir o aquecimento global. Esta ação ficou conhecida como transição energética e é regida pela lógica dos 3 D's: descentralização, digitalização e descarbonização. O Brasil, por sua vez, apresenta uma matriz predominantemente limpa proveniente da geração hidráulica há muitos anos. Devido a sua grande extensão territorial, o país detém de vários recursos naturais para a geração de energia, dessa forma, o país vem buscando por meio de políticas públicas, diversificar a matriz energética a fim de diminuir a dependência das hidrelétricas. O setor elétrico brasileiro sofreu uma abertura do mercado no final da década de 90, na qual possibilitou que investimentos privados externos fomentassem as usinas geradoras de energia e, também, que consumidores que atendessem os requisitos estabelecidos por lei, pudessem escolher livremente de onde comprar energia. Este novo ambiente do setor elétrico é conhecido como Mercado Livre de Energia e o presente trabalho visa estudar os impactos que a transição energético proporcionou neste ambiente. A análise foi realizada a partir do preço da energia comercializada no ambiente regulado e livre, tarifas vigentes, políticas públicas de incentivos, dentre outras. Após a análise, pode-se perceber o quão benéfico é para o consumidor poder escolher seu próprio fornecedor de energia, uma vez que a livre concorrência afeta na diminuição dos preços de energia. Além do mais, observou os impactos que o número de geradores renováveis proporcionou ao mercado, fazendo com que cada vez mais consumidores tenha o interesse em migrar devido aos ótimos resultados de economia e previsibilidade de gastos.
The modern world, as it developed, became increasingly dependent on energy resources and electricity to expand its production and supply society. In this context, fossil sources proved to be quite favorable for use, but they had a finite character and a high rate of emission of greenhouse gases, through the combustion of se sources. In this way, the global community came together to explore new energy sources that could mitigate environmental problems and reduce global warming. This action became known as energy transition and is governed by the logic of 3 D’s: decentralization, digitalization and decarbonization. Brazil, in turn, has a predominantly clean matrix coming from hydraulic generation for many years. Due to its large territorial extension, the country has several natural resources for the generation of energy, in this way, the country has been seeking, through public policies, to diversify the energy matrix in order to reduce dependence on hydroelectric plants. The Brazilian electricity sector underwent a market opening in late 1990s, in which it made possible for foreign private investments to promote energy generating plants and, also, for consumers who met the requirements established by law to freely choose where to buy energy. This new environment in electricity sector is known as the Free Energy Market and the present work aims to study the impacts that the energy transition has provided in this environment. The analysis was carried out from the price of energy traded in regulated and free environment, current tariffs, public policies of incentives, among others. After the analysis, it can be seen how beneficial it is for consumers to be able to choose their own energy supplier, since free competition affects energy prices. In addition, he observed the impacts that the number of renewable generators provided to market, making more and more consumers interested in migrating due to excellent results of savings and predictability of expenses.
The modern world, as it developed, became increasingly dependent on energy resources and electricity to expand its production and supply society. In this context, fossil sources proved to be quite favorable for use, but they had a finite character and a high rate of emission of greenhouse gases, through the combustion of se sources. In this way, the global community came together to explore new energy sources that could mitigate environmental problems and reduce global warming. This action became known as energy transition and is governed by the logic of 3 D’s: decentralization, digitalization and decarbonization. Brazil, in turn, has a predominantly clean matrix coming from hydraulic generation for many years. Due to its large territorial extension, the country has several natural resources for the generation of energy, in this way, the country has been seeking, through public policies, to diversify the energy matrix in order to reduce dependence on hydroelectric plants. The Brazilian electricity sector underwent a market opening in late 1990s, in which it made possible for foreign private investments to promote energy generating plants and, also, for consumers who met the requirements established by law to freely choose where to buy energy. This new environment in electricity sector is known as the Free Energy Market and the present work aims to study the impacts that the energy transition has provided in this environment. The analysis was carried out from the price of energy traded in regulated and free environment, current tariffs, public policies of incentives, among others. After the analysis, it can be seen how beneficial it is for consumers to be able to choose their own energy supplier, since free competition affects energy prices. In addition, he observed the impacts that the number of renewable generators provided to market, making more and more consumers interested in migrating due to excellent results of savings and predictability of expenses.
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Palavras-chave
Energia Fontes alternativas, Energia Conservação, Consumo de energia, Energia elétrica Produção, Serviços de eletricidade Tarifas, Livre iniciativa, Energy Transition, Renewable energy