Efeitos sinérgicos antimicrobianos da combinação dos óleos essenciais de gerânio e lemongrass sobre Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus e Candida spp.
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Data
2022-02-18
Autores
Lima, Patrícia Michelle Nagai de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com a crescente resistência antibacteriana e fúngica, é evidente a necessidade de desenvolvimento de novos agentes antimicrobianos contra microrganismos de interesse médico-odontológico capazes de provocar infecções graves. Os óleos essenciais (OEs) vêm ganhando notoriedade na comunidade científica por apresentarem diversos benefícios, como atividade antimicrobiana e anti-inflamatória. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana dos OEs de Pelargonium graveolens (gerânio) e Cymbopogon schoenanthus (lemongrass), de forma isolada e combinada, sobre cepas de Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis e Candida krusei. Para isso, os valores da Concentração Microbicida Mínima (CMM) foram determinados pelo método de microdiluição em caldo preconizado pelo Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), norma M27-A2 (Candida spp.) e M7-A6 (S. mutans e S. aureus). Já os efeitos combinados dos OEs foram avaliados pela técnica checkerboard. Para a mensuração da atividade antibiofilme foi utilizado o ensaio colorimétrico de MTT, evidenciando a atividade metabólica dos microrganismos, após 5 min e 24 h de contato com os OEs. Os dados obtidos nos testes in vitro obtiveram distribuição normal e foram analisados estatisticamente pelo método ANOVA complementado pelo Teste de Tukey (5%). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os OEs testados apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana sobre todas as cepas com valores de CMM variando entre 16 e 0,03%, sendo as cepas fúngicas as mais sensíveis ao tratamento. Quando combinados, os OEs apresentaram efeito aditivo ou sinérgico contra S. aureus. Em relação aos biofilmes monotípicos, ambos os OEs reduziram significativamente a formação de biofilme. Em geral, o tratamento por 24 h apresentou maior eficácia do que o tratamento de 5 min para a maioria dos microrganismos. Quando os OEs foram testados de forma combinada, estes promoveram redução do biofilme de S. aureus de até 27,3% no tratamento de 5 min e de até 93,3% no tratamento de 24 h. Concluiu-se que os OEs de gerânio e lemongrass apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana e antifúngica em cultura planctônica e em biofilmes monotípicos de S. aureus, S. mutans, C. albicans, C. dubliniensis e C. krusei apresentando potencial para serem utilizados para tratamento de infecções causadas por esses patógenos.
With the increasing antibacterial and fungal resistance, the development of new antimicrobial agents against microorganisms of medical and dental interest capable of causing severe infections are required. Essential oils (EOs) have been gaining notoriety in the scientific community for their therapeutic benefits, such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the EOs of Pelargonium graveolens (geranium) and Cymbopogon schoenanthus (lemongrass) in an isolated and combined form, against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis and Candida krusei. For this, Minimum Microbicidal Concentration (CMM) values were determined by broth microdilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), standard M27-A2 (Candida spp.) and M7-A6 (S. mutans and S. aureus). The combined effects of the EOs were evaluated using the checkerboard technique. To measure the antibiofilm activity, the MTT colorimetric assay was performed, showing the metabolic activity of the microorganisms, after 5 min and 24 h of contact with the EO. The data obtained in the in vitro tests presented normal distribution and were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and complemented by the Tukey method (5%). CMM results varied between 16 and 0,03%, with fungal strains being the most susceptible. The combined treatment with EOs presented additive and synergistic effects against S. aureus. Concerning monotypic biofilms, both EOs significantly reduced biofilm formation. Overall, 24 h treatment presented better effectiveness than 5 min treatment for most microorganisms. When the EOs were tested in combination, they promoted the reduction of S. aureus biofilm by up to 27,3% in the 5 min treatment and 93,3% in the 24 h treatment. Hence, the tested agents showed antimicrobial and antifungal activity in planktonic culture and in monotypic biofilms of S. aureus, S. mutans, C. albicans, C. dubliniensis and C. krusei, Thus, EOs of geranium and lemongrass has potential as an alternative for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by these pathogens.
With the increasing antibacterial and fungal resistance, the development of new antimicrobial agents against microorganisms of medical and dental interest capable of causing severe infections are required. Essential oils (EOs) have been gaining notoriety in the scientific community for their therapeutic benefits, such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the EOs of Pelargonium graveolens (geranium) and Cymbopogon schoenanthus (lemongrass) in an isolated and combined form, against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis and Candida krusei. For this, Minimum Microbicidal Concentration (CMM) values were determined by broth microdilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), standard M27-A2 (Candida spp.) and M7-A6 (S. mutans and S. aureus). The combined effects of the EOs were evaluated using the checkerboard technique. To measure the antibiofilm activity, the MTT colorimetric assay was performed, showing the metabolic activity of the microorganisms, after 5 min and 24 h of contact with the EO. The data obtained in the in vitro tests presented normal distribution and were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and complemented by the Tukey method (5%). CMM results varied between 16 and 0,03%, with fungal strains being the most susceptible. The combined treatment with EOs presented additive and synergistic effects against S. aureus. Concerning monotypic biofilms, both EOs significantly reduced biofilm formation. Overall, 24 h treatment presented better effectiveness than 5 min treatment for most microorganisms. When the EOs were tested in combination, they promoted the reduction of S. aureus biofilm by up to 27,3% in the 5 min treatment and 93,3% in the 24 h treatment. Hence, the tested agents showed antimicrobial and antifungal activity in planktonic culture and in monotypic biofilms of S. aureus, S. mutans, C. albicans, C. dubliniensis and C. krusei, Thus, EOs of geranium and lemongrass has potential as an alternative for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by these pathogens.
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Gerânio, Lemongrass, Streptococcus mutans, Candida, Staphylococcus aureus, Geranium, Lemongrass, Streptococcus mutans, Candida, Staphylococcus aureus