Fechamento de escolas rurais do Vale do Jamari no contexto do avanço do agronegócio em Rondônia
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Data
2022-02-17
Autores
Santos Filho, Raimundo José dos
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa sobre as causas do fechamento das escolas multisseriadas do campo no Vale do Jamari, região central do estado de Rondônia, assim como sobre a criação de escolas-polo destinadas a absorver o alunado das escolas fechadas, e teve como fundamento teórico a concepção marxiana de contradição entre os interesses de classes e a agressividade com que o capitalismo se movimenta na busca desenfreada do lucro. O objetivo principal foi o de investigar o processo e as causas do fechamento das escolas multisseriadas do campo no Vale do Jamari, em Rondônia. Como objetivos específicos procurou-se examinar as justificativas do poder público municipal para o fechamento das escolas rurais; investigar a relação entre o fechamento de escolas e o processo de polarização das escolas multisseriadas do campo e; verificar se há relação entre a expansão do agronegócio e o fechamento das escolas multisseriadas do campo. Para fundamentação teórica, foram examinadas algumas passagens de Karl Marx (1996); Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels (2002), além de Roseli S. Caldart (2020); Octávio Ianni (1979, 2019); Arroyo (1982); Vendramini (2011); Correia (2018); Moser (2006); Barreiro (2010); Guimarães (1982); Fonseca e Morais (1999); Relatórios Técnicos Oficiais de Rondônia (2006) e artigos e teses de vários autores. A pesquisa foi empírica, bibliográfica e documental. Foram investigadas as origens da ocupação da terra em Rondônia, em comparação com a ocupação da Amazônia, o desenvolvimento do agronegócio no estado, principalmente relacionado à soja e especificamente no Vale do Jamari, onde essa atividade vem se desenvolvendo de forma crescente. Também foi analisado o desenvolvimento da pecuária e a transformação do campo em área de produção de monoculturas, em detrimento das pequenas propriedades e dos trabalhadores do campo. Examinou-se, ainda, a violência e seu impacto nas condições de vida da população que vive no campo. Dentre os impactos causados pelo avanço do agronegócio, foi verificada a agressão dos agrotóxicos no entorno de uma Escola-Polo que é o núcleo de atendimento de alunos que antes deveriam frequentar escolas multisseriadas nas proximidades de suas moradias, escolas essas que não existem mais. A Escola-Polo corre o risco ser fechada, pois as pequenas propriedades que existiam à sua volta foram ocupadas pelo cultivo da soja, no qual se utiliza agrotóxicos em grande quantidade. A pesquisa examinou também, em dados do IBGE, a redução das populações rurais, o que indica um contínuo deslocamento dos moradores do campo em busca do meio urbano.
This research is both the result of an investigation into the causes of the multigrade schools closure in the countryside of Jamari Valley, central region of the state of Rondônia, as well as the creation of hub schools, which are expected to absorb the students from the closed schools, and had as its theoretical foundation the Marxian conception of the contradiction between class interests and the aggressiveness with which capitalism moves in the unbridled pursuit of profit. The main goal was to investigate the process and the causes of Jamari Valley rural multigrade schools closure, in Rondônia. The specific objectives were to examine the municipal government justifications for the closure of rural schools; to investigate the relationship between school closures and the process of polarization of rural multigrade schools; and to verify whether there is a relationship between agribusiness expansion and rural multigrade schools closing. For theoretical grounding, some passages from Marx, Karl (1996); Marx, Karl and Engels, Friedrich (2002) were examined, as well as Caldart, Roseli S. (2020); Ianni, Octávio (1979, 2019); Arroyo (1982); Vendramini (2011); Correia (2018); Moser (2006); Barreiro (2010); Guimarães (1982); Fonseca and Morais (1999); Rondônia Official Technical Reports (2006) and articles and thesis by various authors. The research was empirical, bibliographic, and documental. The origins of land occupation in Rondônia and its agribusiness development were investigated, in contrast to the occupation of Amazon lands, mainly soyrelated, and specifically in Jamari Valley, where this activity has expanded. It was also analyzed about the development of cattle ranching and the transformation of the countryside into an area of monoculture production, to the detriment of small properties and rural workers. Likewise, we've reasoned about violence in the countryside and its impact on the living conditions of the population inhabiting rural areas. Among the impacts resulting from the advance of agribusiness, the aggression of agrochemicals was verified in the surroundings of a school-hub, which is the center of attendance of students who previously should attend multigrade schools near their homes, schools that no longer exist. The school-hub risks being closed, as the small properties around it have been occupied by soy cultivation, in which pesticides are used in significant quantities. The research also examined, amid IBGE sourced data, rural populations decrease, which indicates a continuous migration of rural dwellers in pursuit of the urban environment.
This research is both the result of an investigation into the causes of the multigrade schools closure in the countryside of Jamari Valley, central region of the state of Rondônia, as well as the creation of hub schools, which are expected to absorb the students from the closed schools, and had as its theoretical foundation the Marxian conception of the contradiction between class interests and the aggressiveness with which capitalism moves in the unbridled pursuit of profit. The main goal was to investigate the process and the causes of Jamari Valley rural multigrade schools closure, in Rondônia. The specific objectives were to examine the municipal government justifications for the closure of rural schools; to investigate the relationship between school closures and the process of polarization of rural multigrade schools; and to verify whether there is a relationship between agribusiness expansion and rural multigrade schools closing. For theoretical grounding, some passages from Marx, Karl (1996); Marx, Karl and Engels, Friedrich (2002) were examined, as well as Caldart, Roseli S. (2020); Ianni, Octávio (1979, 2019); Arroyo (1982); Vendramini (2011); Correia (2018); Moser (2006); Barreiro (2010); Guimarães (1982); Fonseca and Morais (1999); Rondônia Official Technical Reports (2006) and articles and thesis by various authors. The research was empirical, bibliographic, and documental. The origins of land occupation in Rondônia and its agribusiness development were investigated, in contrast to the occupation of Amazon lands, mainly soyrelated, and specifically in Jamari Valley, where this activity has expanded. It was also analyzed about the development of cattle ranching and the transformation of the countryside into an area of monoculture production, to the detriment of small properties and rural workers. Likewise, we've reasoned about violence in the countryside and its impact on the living conditions of the population inhabiting rural areas. Among the impacts resulting from the advance of agribusiness, the aggression of agrochemicals was verified in the surroundings of a school-hub, which is the center of attendance of students who previously should attend multigrade schools near their homes, schools that no longer exist. The school-hub risks being closed, as the small properties around it have been occupied by soy cultivation, in which pesticides are used in significant quantities. The research also examined, amid IBGE sourced data, rural populations decrease, which indicates a continuous migration of rural dwellers in pursuit of the urban environment.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Rondônia, Educação do campo, Fechamento de escolas no Vale do Jamari, Agronegócio, Violência no campo, Rural education, Jamari Valley schools closure, Agribusiness, Violence in the countryside
Como citar
SANTOS FILHO, Raimundo José dos. Fechamento de escolas rurais do Vale do Jamari no contexto do avanço do agronegócio em Rondônia. Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2022.