Eficácia, movimento superficial e atividade sistêmica dos fungicidas triazóis, triazolintiona, estrobilurinas e carboxamidas isolados no controle da ferrugem da soja
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Data
2022-01-05
Autores
Gotardi, Guilherme Augusto [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A soja é a principal cultura plantada no Brasil, sendo o país o maior produtor mundial da cultura e responsável por cerca de 40% da produção mundial. Diversos fatores abióticos e bióticos podem afetar sua produção, sendo a ferrugem asiática da soja, causada pelo fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi, a principal doença da cultura no Brasil. A falta de controle da doença pode levar a perdas de até 90% da produção e seu controle exige a adoção de diversas ferramentas. Entre elas está o controle químico, feito utilizando-se principalmente moléculas fungicidas dos grupos dos inibidores de quinona externa – estrobilurinas, inibidores da desmetilação – triazóis e triazolintiona, inibidores de succinato-desidrogenase – carboxamidas. Além da eficácia de cada molécula, o seu movimento na planta após a aplicação é de extrema importância para um bom controle da doença. Deste modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a eficácia, o movimento superficial e a sistemicidade das moléculas fungicidas tebuconazol, difenoconazol, ciproconazol, protioconazol, picoxistrobina, azoxistrobina, trifloxistrobina, piraclostrobina, benzovindiflupir, bixafen e fluxapiroxade aplicadas de forma isolada. Para estas avaliações, considerou-se o controle da doença após a aplicação dos fungicidas e inoculação do patógeno. Quando comparada à testemunha, as moléculas protioconazol, azoxistrobina, piraclostrobina e benzovindiflupir apresentaram as melhores porcentagens de controle da doença no ensaio de eficácia. Já em relação à movimentação superficial, as moléculas protioconazol, picoxistrobina, azoxistrobina e fluxapiroxade apresentaram as menores porcentagens de severidade da doença. No ensaio de translocação, as moléculas protioconazol, tebuconazol, ciproconazol e picoxistrobina apresentaram movimentação acropetal reduzindo a severidade da doença e controlando o patógeno.
The soybean is the main crop planted in Brazil, being the country the largest worldwide producer and responsible for around 40% of the worldwide production. Diverse abiotic and biotic factors can affect its production, being the Asian soybean rust, caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the main disease of the culture in Brazil. Failure to control the disease can lead to losses of up to 90% of production and its control requires the adoption of several tools. Among them is the chemical control, carried out using mainly fungicidal molecules from the groups of quinone outside inhibitors – strobilurins, demethylation inhibitors – triazoles and triazolinthione, succinate-dehydrogenase inhibitors – carboxamides. In addition to the effectiveness of each molecule, its movement in the plant after application is extremely important for good disease control. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the effectiveness, the surface movement and systematicity of the fungicidal molecules Tebuconazole, Difenoconazole, Cyproconazole, Prothioconazole, Picoxystrobin, Azoxystrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Benzovindiflupyr, Bixafen and Fluxapyroxad applied in isolation. For these evaluations, the disease control after the application of fungicides and inoculation of the pathogen was considered. The molecules prothioconazole, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and benzovindiflupyr showed the best percentages of disease control in the efficacy trial. Regarding surface movement, the molecules prothioconazole, picoxystrobin, azoxystrobin and fluxapyroxad showed the lower percentages of disease severity. In the translocation assay, the molecules prothioconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole and picoxystrobin showed acropetal movement, reducing the severity of the disease and controlling the pathogen.
The soybean is the main crop planted in Brazil, being the country the largest worldwide producer and responsible for around 40% of the worldwide production. Diverse abiotic and biotic factors can affect its production, being the Asian soybean rust, caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the main disease of the culture in Brazil. Failure to control the disease can lead to losses of up to 90% of production and its control requires the adoption of several tools. Among them is the chemical control, carried out using mainly fungicidal molecules from the groups of quinone outside inhibitors – strobilurins, demethylation inhibitors – triazoles and triazolinthione, succinate-dehydrogenase inhibitors – carboxamides. In addition to the effectiveness of each molecule, its movement in the plant after application is extremely important for good disease control. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the effectiveness, the surface movement and systematicity of the fungicidal molecules Tebuconazole, Difenoconazole, Cyproconazole, Prothioconazole, Picoxystrobin, Azoxystrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Benzovindiflupyr, Bixafen and Fluxapyroxad applied in isolation. For these evaluations, the disease control after the application of fungicides and inoculation of the pathogen was considered. The molecules prothioconazole, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and benzovindiflupyr showed the best percentages of disease control in the efficacy trial. Regarding surface movement, the molecules prothioconazole, picoxystrobin, azoxystrobin and fluxapyroxad showed the lower percentages of disease severity. In the translocation assay, the molecules prothioconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole and picoxystrobin showed acropetal movement, reducing the severity of the disease and controlling the pathogen.
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Palavras-chave
Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Controle químico, Eficácia, Movimento superficial, Sistemicidade, Chemical control, Efficiency, Surface movement, Systematicity