Proposta de reabilitação de cava de extração de areia na margem do rio Paraíba do Sul
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Data
2022-03-08
Autores
Compiani, Julio Valério
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho teve por objetivo propor a reabilitação de uma cava de extração de areia desativada, localizada no município de Taubaté (SP), avaliando seu potencial de uso como aterro de resíduos da construção civil e demolição (RCD) de classe A, considerando as legislações e normas vigentes da ABNT, principalmente a NBR 15.113/2004. Para isso, inicialmente foi avaliada a mineração de areia nas margens do Rio Paraíba do Sul no subtrecho da região metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba, compreendido entre os municípios de Jacareí a Pindamonhangaba, no estado de São Paulo. Também foram avaliados os aspectos sociais, ambientais, técnicos e econômicos, relacionados com a área estudada, por meio de levantamentos in loco e de consulta à literatura disponível. Verificou-se que geralmente as cavas de extração de areia desativadas são abandonadas pelos mineradores, após a contemplação do PRAD, que à princípio, contempla a estabilização das margens e o plantio de árvores nativas ao redor de toda a área explorada. Esse abandono das cavas após findar a extração de areia, apresentam sérios problemas, como exposição do nível freático, acúmulo de água de chuva eutrofizada e nos períodos de estiagem são utilizadas como depósitos de resíduos sólidos. Aliado a estes problemas ambientais gerados pela mineração de areia, está a demanda por políticas públicas voltadas à gestão adequada dos resíduos sólidos, exigida pela lei federal n° 12.305/2010 e, no caso dos RCD, pela resolução Conama n° 307/2002. Neste contexto, as análises realizadas neste trabalho indicaram que a reabilitação de cavas de extração de areia desativadas, utilizando a área escavada para armazenamento de RCD de classe A apresenta viabilidade técnica, econômica e ambiental, por dispensar os serviços de escavação do solo e por evitar o acúmulo de água de chuva, impossibilitando a proliferação de vetores de doenças, mesmo com a necessidade de aterrar a base das cavas para proteger o nível freático. Como a região estudada apresenta muitas situações comuns à avaliada neste trabalho, os levantamentos e as informações fornecidas por este trabalho podem subsidiar as políticas públicas nas tomadas de decisão sobre a reabilitação de cavas de extração de areia.
This work aimed to propose the rehabilitation of a deactivated sand extraction pit, located in the municipality of Taubaté (SP), evaluating its potential for use as class A civil construction and demolition waste (RCD), considering the current legislation and standards of ABNT, mainly NBR 15.113/2004. For this, sand minig was initially evaluated on the banks os the Paraíba do Sul river in the subsection of the metropolian region of Vale do Paraíba, between the municipalities of Jacareí and Pindamonhangaba, in the state of São Paulo. The social, environmental, technical and economic aspects related to the studied area were also evaluated, through on-site surveys and consultation of available literature. It was found that generally deactivated sand extraction pits are abandoned by miners, after contemplating the PRAD, which at first contemplates the stabilization of the banks and the planting of native trees around the entire explored area. This abandonment of the pits after finishing the sand extraction, presents serious problems, such as exposure of the water table, accumulation of eutrophic rainwater and in periods of drought they are used as deposits of solid waste. Allied to these environmental problems generated by sand mining is the demand for public policies aimed at the proper management of solid waste, required by federal law N° 12,305/2010 and, in the case of CDW, by Conama resolution N° 307/2002. In this context, the analyzes carried out in this work indicated that the rehabilitation of deactivated sand extraction pits, using the excavated area for the storage of class A CDW presents technical, economic and environmental feasibility, as it does not require soil excavation services and avoids the accumulation of rainwater, preventing the proliferation of disease vectors, even with the need to backfill the base of the pits to protect the water table. As the studied region presents many situations common to the one evaluated in this work, the surveys and information provided by this work can support public policies in decision-making on the rehabilitation of sand extraction pits.
This work aimed to propose the rehabilitation of a deactivated sand extraction pit, located in the municipality of Taubaté (SP), evaluating its potential for use as class A civil construction and demolition waste (RCD), considering the current legislation and standards of ABNT, mainly NBR 15.113/2004. For this, sand minig was initially evaluated on the banks os the Paraíba do Sul river in the subsection of the metropolian region of Vale do Paraíba, between the municipalities of Jacareí and Pindamonhangaba, in the state of São Paulo. The social, environmental, technical and economic aspects related to the studied area were also evaluated, through on-site surveys and consultation of available literature. It was found that generally deactivated sand extraction pits are abandoned by miners, after contemplating the PRAD, which at first contemplates the stabilization of the banks and the planting of native trees around the entire explored area. This abandonment of the pits after finishing the sand extraction, presents serious problems, such as exposure of the water table, accumulation of eutrophic rainwater and in periods of drought they are used as deposits of solid waste. Allied to these environmental problems generated by sand mining is the demand for public policies aimed at the proper management of solid waste, required by federal law N° 12,305/2010 and, in the case of CDW, by Conama resolution N° 307/2002. In this context, the analyzes carried out in this work indicated that the rehabilitation of deactivated sand extraction pits, using the excavated area for the storage of class A CDW presents technical, economic and environmental feasibility, as it does not require soil excavation services and avoids the accumulation of rainwater, preventing the proliferation of disease vectors, even with the need to backfill the base of the pits to protect the water table. As the studied region presents many situations common to the one evaluated in this work, the surveys and information provided by this work can support public policies in decision-making on the rehabilitation of sand extraction pits.
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Palavras-chave
Waste management, Inert landfill, Area rehabilitation, Gestão de resíduos, Aterro de inertes, Reabilitação de área, Resíduos sólidos, Aterros, Reaproveitamento (Sobras, refugos e etc.)