Sexualidade, Autismo e Vida Adulta: contribuições para educação sexual
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Data
2022-02-04
Autores
Ottoni, Ana Carla Vieira
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é uma condição de neurodesenvolvimento com implicações como dificuldades na comunicação social, e interesses, movimentos ou comportamentos restritos e repetitivos, classificadas de acordo com sua necessidade de suporte nos níveis crescentes 1, 2 ou 3. Inseridos em uma sociedade normativa, patriarcal e moralista, adultos com TEA/S1 enfrentam problemas com relação à sexualidade, como acentuada vulnerabilidade para violências e direitos negligenciados. O presente trabalho buscou, por meio do Estudo 1, levantar e descrever literatura científica sobre sexualidade e autismo, baseada na perspectiva das próprias pessoas com TEA/S1, respeitando a autoadvocacia e representatividade. A Revisão Sistemática de Literatura resultou na análise de 19 artigos com características variadas, não somente nos instrumentos utilizados e desenhos metodológicos, mas especialmente na abordagem para interpretação dos dados, que variou de concepções neurodiversas a biologicistas e medicalizantes. Complementarmente, o Estudo 2, realizado com objetivo de investigar as concepções e vivências sobre sexualidade, contou com a participação de nove pessoas, que colaboraram por meio de entrevistas online e relataram dados convergentes ao primeiro, analisados qualitativamente e organizados em categorias temáticas. Por fim, no Estudo 3, relatou-se a elaboração de uma cartilha, criada a partir das diretrizes e conhecimentos até então coletados, com a finalidade de promover divulgação científica em meios não acadêmicos. Dentre as limitações principais dos estudos cita-se a restrição das amostras, tanto de material bibliográfico quanto participantes, impossibilitando generalização dos dados às pessoas com TEA/S1, e necessidade de expansão de critérios de inclusão, para que adultos autistas com características mais diversas, bem como outros tipos de estudo, façam parte das análises tecidas e enriqueçam o conhecimento na área. O produto técnico foi avaliado pelos participantes do Estudo 2, mas necessita aprimoramento e testes de eficácia por meio de seu uso em situação de ensino programado.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with implications such as difficulties in social communication, and restricted and repetitive interests, movements or behaviors, classified according to their need for support in increasing levels 1, 2 or 3. Inserted in a normative, patriarchal and moralistic society, adults with ASD/S1 face problems related to sexuality, such as marked vulnerability to violence and neglected rights. The present work sought, through Study 1, to survey and describe scientific literature on sexuality and autism, based on the perspective of people with ASD/S1 themselves, respecting the need for self-advocacy and representation. The Systematic Literature Review resulted in the analysis of 19 articles with different characteristics, not only in the instruments used and methodological designs, but especially in the approach to data interpretation, which ranged from neurodiverse to biologicist and medicalizing conceptions. Complementarily, Study 2, carried out with the objective of investigating the conceptions and experiences about sexuality, had the participation of nine people, who collaborated through online interviews and reported convergent data to the first, analyzed qualitatively and organized into thematic categories. Finally, in Study 3, it was reported the elaboration of an informative material, created from the guidelines and knowledge collected until then, with the purpose of promoting scientific dissemination in non-academic circles. Among the main limitations of the studies presented so far, we mention the restriction of samples, both of bibliographic material and participants, making it impossible to generalize the data to people with ASD/S1, and the need to expand the inclusion criteria, so that autistic adults with more diverse characteristics, as well as other types of study, are part of the woven analyzes and enrich the knowledge in the area. The informative material was evaluated by the Study 2 participants, but it needs improvement and effectiveness tests through its use in a programmed teaching situation.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with implications such as difficulties in social communication, and restricted and repetitive interests, movements or behaviors, classified according to their need for support in increasing levels 1, 2 or 3. Inserted in a normative, patriarchal and moralistic society, adults with ASD/S1 face problems related to sexuality, such as marked vulnerability to violence and neglected rights. The present work sought, through Study 1, to survey and describe scientific literature on sexuality and autism, based on the perspective of people with ASD/S1 themselves, respecting the need for self-advocacy and representation. The Systematic Literature Review resulted in the analysis of 19 articles with different characteristics, not only in the instruments used and methodological designs, but especially in the approach to data interpretation, which ranged from neurodiverse to biologicist and medicalizing conceptions. Complementarily, Study 2, carried out with the objective of investigating the conceptions and experiences about sexuality, had the participation of nine people, who collaborated through online interviews and reported convergent data to the first, analyzed qualitatively and organized into thematic categories. Finally, in Study 3, it was reported the elaboration of an informative material, created from the guidelines and knowledge collected until then, with the purpose of promoting scientific dissemination in non-academic circles. Among the main limitations of the studies presented so far, we mention the restriction of samples, both of bibliographic material and participants, making it impossible to generalize the data to people with ASD/S1, and the need to expand the inclusion criteria, so that autistic adults with more diverse characteristics, as well as other types of study, are part of the woven analyzes and enrich the knowledge in the area. The informative material was evaluated by the Study 2 participants, but it needs improvement and effectiveness tests through its use in a programmed teaching situation.
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Palavras-chave
Transtorno do Espectro Autista, Autismo, Sexualidade, Educação Sexual, Neurodiversidade, Sexo, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autism, Sexuality, Sex Education, Neurodiversity