Regimes hídricos e coberturas de solo na produção de manjericão
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Data
2022-02-24
Autores
Duarte, João Carlos dos Santos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) tem sua importância alicerçada no fornecimento de matéria prima para indústria de cosméticos, de aromas, alimentícia e de fármacos. Evidências mostram que a produção de óleo essencial é afetada principalmente pela luz, características do solo, clima e disponibilidade hídrica. Nesse sentido, o uso de cobertura de solo pode afetar positivamente a produção da cultura e o rendimento do óleo essencial, por possibilitar o aumento da eficiência do uso da água e de nutrientes, além de modular respostas fotomorfogenéticas a partir da qualidade da luz refletida pela cobertura. Diante disso, o presente trabalho buscou avaliar as respostas do manjericão, de primeiro ciclo, cultivado sob coberturas no solo associada a regimes hídricos. Para isso, foi realizado um experimento em blocos casualizados, conduzido em esquema fatorial 3x5, sendo o primeiro fator o regime hídrico (100%ETc; 75%ETc e 50%ETc) e o segundo fator às coberturas de solo (mulching) (amarelo, branco e cinza), com palhada e sem cobertura. Realizou-se avaliações do status hídrico das plantas, pigmentos fotossintéticos, parâmetros do crescimento, produção de biomassa vegetal e produção de óleo essencial. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey à 5% de probabilidade. De acordo com os resultados, os regimes hídricos associado às coberturas de solo causaram efeito significativo nas variáveis estudadas. O maior fornecimento de água associado ao uso do mulching aumentou o conteúdo de água e o potencial hídrico foliar e proporcionou maior produção da parte aérea (317,50 g planta-1) e de óleo essencial (20 L ha-1).
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) has its importance based on the supply of raw material for the cosmetics, aromas, food and pharmaceutical industries. Evidence shows that essential oil production is mainly affected by light, soil characteristics, climate and water availability. In this sense, the use of ground cover can positively affect crop production and essential oil yield, as it makes it possible to increase the efficiency of water and nutrient use, in addition to modulating photomorphogenetic responses from the quality of light reflected by the roof. Therefore, the present work sought to evaluate the responses of basil grown under soil cover associated with water regimes. For this, an experiment was carried out in randomized blocks, carried out in a 3x5 factorial scheme, the first factor being the water regime (100%ETc; 75%ETc and 50%ETc) and the second factor the soil cover with plastic film mulching (yellow, white and grey), with straw and without cover. Evaluations of the water status of the plants, growth parameters, production of plant biomass and essential oil were carried out. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% probability. According to the results, the water regimes associated with the soil cover had a significant effect on the variables studied. The higher water supply associated with the use of mulching increased the water content and the leaf water potential and provided higher production of the shoot (317.50 g plant-1) and of essential oil (20 L ha-1).
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) has its importance based on the supply of raw material for the cosmetics, aromas, food and pharmaceutical industries. Evidence shows that essential oil production is mainly affected by light, soil characteristics, climate and water availability. In this sense, the use of ground cover can positively affect crop production and essential oil yield, as it makes it possible to increase the efficiency of water and nutrient use, in addition to modulating photomorphogenetic responses from the quality of light reflected by the roof. Therefore, the present work sought to evaluate the responses of basil grown under soil cover associated with water regimes. For this, an experiment was carried out in randomized blocks, carried out in a 3x5 factorial scheme, the first factor being the water regime (100%ETc; 75%ETc and 50%ETc) and the second factor the soil cover with plastic film mulching (yellow, white and grey), with straw and without cover. Evaluations of the water status of the plants, growth parameters, production of plant biomass and essential oil were carried out. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% probability. According to the results, the water regimes associated with the soil cover had a significant effect on the variables studied. The higher water supply associated with the use of mulching increased the water content and the leaf water potential and provided higher production of the shoot (317.50 g plant-1) and of essential oil (20 L ha-1).
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Palavras-chave
Aromas, Manjericão, Absorção da luz