Bioatividade de extratos etanólicos de anonáceas em Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) e seu parasitoide de ovos Cleruchoides noackae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)
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Data
2022-02-22
Autores
Tedesco, Flavia Galvan
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé, 2006 (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), o percevejo bronzeado do eucalipto é considerado uma das principais pragas sugadoras do eucalipto, sendo manejado majoritariamente por produtos químicos e parasitoide de ovos Cleruchoides noackae Lin. e Huber (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Buscando alternativas para o controle de pragas florestais e a e a possibilidade de utilização destes extratos no MIP (manejo integrado de pragas) juntamente com os parasitoides, a bioatividade dos extratos de Annona mucosa Jacq., Annona muricata L, e Annona sylvatica A. St.-H., foi avaliada sobre adultos e ninfas de T. peregrinus e sobre o parasitoide C. noackae, e comparados ao inseticida comercial botânico à base de limonoides (Azamax®) e a bifentrina (Capture®), por meio de ensaios de laboratório. Nos ensaios preliminares (screening) sobre T. peregrinus os extratos de A. mucosa, A. muricata e A. sylvatica nas concentrações de 50 mg.L-1 e 12,5 mg.L-1 para adultos e ninfas respectivamente, podem ser comparados ao inseticida sintético Capture® utilizado como controle positivo. Posteriormente, foram testadas as CL50 e CL90 dos extratos sobre adultos (0, 0,11, 0,22, 0,33, 0,44, 0,55, 0,66, 0,77, 0,88 e 1%) e ninfas (0, 0,0357, 0,071, 0,107, 0,14, 0,178, 0,21 e 0,25%) de T. peregrinus, sendo então observadas concentrações baixas para tal, em adultos de T. peregrinus, a CL50 dos extratos A. sylvatica, A. muricata e A. mucosa apresentaram concentrações-resposta de 7,5 mg.L-1 , 41,5 mg.L-1 e 5,1 mg.L-1 respectivamente, e CL90 de 19,2 mg.L-1, 127,8 mg.L-1 e 14,5 mg.L-1 respectivamente. Para ninfas de T. peregrinus, a CL50 dos extratos de A. sylvatica, A. muricata e A. mucosa foi de 3,6 mg.L-1, 7,3 mg.L-1 e 1,7 mg.L-1 respectivamente, a CL90 foi de 10,1 mg.L-1, 23,0 mg.L-1 e 5,9 mg.L-1 na mesma ordem. Os tempos letais para matar 50% da população de adultos e ninfas também foram testados, para adultos de T. peregrinus, o extrato de A. mucosa apresenta TL50 de 10 horas nas concentrações de 0,44%, 0,55%, 0,66%, 0,77% 0,88% e 1%, já para ninfas o menor TL50 foi atingido pelo extrato de A. mucosa em 3 horas, na concentração de 0,18%. Para o teste de preferência de infestação com chance de escolha, testado na CL50 de cada um dos três extratos observa-se uma preferência dos insetos adultos de T. peregrinus pelas folhas tratadas com água destilada esterilizada. Quanto aos extratos de A. sylvatica e A. muricata sobre C. noackae, estes foram aplicados nas concentrações de 50 mg.L-1 e 12,5 mg.L-1, e então avaliados por 24 horas. Ao final do teste nota-se que que os extratos de A. sylvatica e A. muricata reduziram a sobrevivência do parasitoide de ovos pois causam mortalidade destes em até 12 horas após aplicação. Para o teste pré parasitismo, é possível observar que existe um efeito dos tratamentos sobre o parasitismo, pois não existiu emergência de C. noackae após 15 dias de aplicação. No teste de pós parasitismo, houve emergência de C. noackae nas duas testemunhas e nos tratamentos A. sylvatica 12,5 mg.L-1, A. muricata 12,5 mg.L-1 e 50 mg.L-1, não existiu emergência de insetos nos tratamentos de A. sylvatica 50 mg.L-1 e Capture®. Os resultados evidenciam o potencial dos extratos etanólicos de sementes de A. sylvatica, A. muricata e A. mucosa para o controle de adultos e ninfas de T. peregrinus. No entanto, os extratos de A. sylvatica, A. muricata afetam a sobrevivência e a emergência de C. noackae necessitando de mais estudos para a utilização dos dois métodos de controle de T. peregrinus de forma associada.
Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé, 2006 (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), the eucalyptus bronze bug is considered one of the main sucking pests of eucalyptus, being managed mainly by chemicals and egg parasitoid Cleruchoides noackae Lin. and Huber (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Looking for alternatives to control forest pests and the possibility of using these extracts in integrated pest management together with parasitoids, the bioactivity of extracts from Annona mucosa Jacq., Annona muricata L, and Annona sylvatica A. St.-H ., was evaluated on adults and nymphs of T. peregrinus and on the parasitoid C. noackae, and compared to the commercial botanical insecticide based on limonoids (Azamax®) and bifenthrin (Capture®), through laboratory tests. In the preliminary tests (screening) on T. peregrinus extracts of A. mucosa, A. muricata and A. sylvatica at concentrations of 50 mg.L-1 and 12.5 mg.L-1 for adults and nymphs respectively, can be compared to the Capture® synthetic insecticide used as a positive control. Subsequently, the LC50 and LC90 of the extracts on adults were tested (0, 0.11, 0.22, 0.33, 0.44, 0.55, 0.66, 0.77, 0.88 and 1%) and nymphs (0, 0.03, 0.07, 0.10, 0.14, 0.17, 0.21 and 0.25%) of T. peregrinus, being then observed low concentrations for this, in adults of T. peregrinus, at LC50 of the extracts A. sylvatica, A. muricata and A. mucosa showed response concentrations of 7.5 mg.L-1 , 41.5 mg.L-1 and 5.1 mg.L-1 respectively, and LC90 of 19 .2 mg.L-1 , 127.8 mg.L-1 and 14.5 mg.L-1 respectively. For T. peregrinus nymphs, the LC50 of extracts of A. sylvatica, A. muricata and A. mucosa was 3.6 mg.L-1 , 7.3 mg.L-1 and 1.7 mg.L- 1 respectively, the LC90 was 10.1 mg.L-1 , 23.0 mg.L-1 and 5.9 mg.L-1 in the same order. The lethal times to kill 50% of the population of adults and nymphs were also tested, for adults of T. peregrinus, the extract of A. mucosa has a TL50 of 10 hours at concentrations of 0.44%, 0.55%, 0, 66%, 0.77%, 0.88% and 1%, while for nymphs the lowest TL50 was reached by A. mucosa extract in 3 hours, at a concentration of 0.18%. For the free-choice infestation preference test, tested at the LC50 of each of the three extracts, a preference of adult T. peregrinus insects for leaves treated with sterilized distilled water was observed. As for the extracts of A. sylvatica and A. muricata on C. noackae, they were applied at concentrations of 50 mg.L-1 and 12.5 mg.L-1 , and then evaluated for 24 hours. At the end of the test, it is noted that the extracts of A. sylvatica and A. muricata reduced the survival of the parasitoid in eggs because they cause mortality within 12 hours after application. For the pre-parasitism test, it is possible to observe that there is an effect of treatments on parasitism, as there was no emergence of C. noackae after 15 days of application. In the post-parasitism test, there was emergence of C. noackae in the two controls and in the treatments A. sylvatica 12.5 mg.L-1 , A. muricata 12.5 mg.L-1 and 50 mg.L-1 , no there was emergence of insects in the treatments of A. sylvatica 50 mg.L-1 and Capture®. However, extracts of A. sylvatica, A. muricata affect the survival and emergence of C. noackae requiring further studies to use the two methods of controlling T. peregrinus in an associated way.
Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé, 2006 (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae), the eucalyptus bronze bug is considered one of the main sucking pests of eucalyptus, being managed mainly by chemicals and egg parasitoid Cleruchoides noackae Lin. and Huber (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Looking for alternatives to control forest pests and the possibility of using these extracts in integrated pest management together with parasitoids, the bioactivity of extracts from Annona mucosa Jacq., Annona muricata L, and Annona sylvatica A. St.-H ., was evaluated on adults and nymphs of T. peregrinus and on the parasitoid C. noackae, and compared to the commercial botanical insecticide based on limonoids (Azamax®) and bifenthrin (Capture®), through laboratory tests. In the preliminary tests (screening) on T. peregrinus extracts of A. mucosa, A. muricata and A. sylvatica at concentrations of 50 mg.L-1 and 12.5 mg.L-1 for adults and nymphs respectively, can be compared to the Capture® synthetic insecticide used as a positive control. Subsequently, the LC50 and LC90 of the extracts on adults were tested (0, 0.11, 0.22, 0.33, 0.44, 0.55, 0.66, 0.77, 0.88 and 1%) and nymphs (0, 0.03, 0.07, 0.10, 0.14, 0.17, 0.21 and 0.25%) of T. peregrinus, being then observed low concentrations for this, in adults of T. peregrinus, at LC50 of the extracts A. sylvatica, A. muricata and A. mucosa showed response concentrations of 7.5 mg.L-1 , 41.5 mg.L-1 and 5.1 mg.L-1 respectively, and LC90 of 19 .2 mg.L-1 , 127.8 mg.L-1 and 14.5 mg.L-1 respectively. For T. peregrinus nymphs, the LC50 of extracts of A. sylvatica, A. muricata and A. mucosa was 3.6 mg.L-1 , 7.3 mg.L-1 and 1.7 mg.L- 1 respectively, the LC90 was 10.1 mg.L-1 , 23.0 mg.L-1 and 5.9 mg.L-1 in the same order. The lethal times to kill 50% of the population of adults and nymphs were also tested, for adults of T. peregrinus, the extract of A. mucosa has a TL50 of 10 hours at concentrations of 0.44%, 0.55%, 0, 66%, 0.77%, 0.88% and 1%, while for nymphs the lowest TL50 was reached by A. mucosa extract in 3 hours, at a concentration of 0.18%. For the free-choice infestation preference test, tested at the LC50 of each of the three extracts, a preference of adult T. peregrinus insects for leaves treated with sterilized distilled water was observed. As for the extracts of A. sylvatica and A. muricata on C. noackae, they were applied at concentrations of 50 mg.L-1 and 12.5 mg.L-1 , and then evaluated for 24 hours. At the end of the test, it is noted that the extracts of A. sylvatica and A. muricata reduced the survival of the parasitoid in eggs because they cause mortality within 12 hours after application. For the pre-parasitism test, it is possible to observe that there is an effect of treatments on parasitism, as there was no emergence of C. noackae after 15 days of application. In the post-parasitism test, there was emergence of C. noackae in the two controls and in the treatments A. sylvatica 12.5 mg.L-1 , A. muricata 12.5 mg.L-1 and 50 mg.L-1 , no there was emergence of insects in the treatments of A. sylvatica 50 mg.L-1 and Capture®. However, extracts of A. sylvatica, A. muricata affect the survival and emergence of C. noackae requiring further studies to use the two methods of controlling T. peregrinus in an associated way.
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Palavras-chave
extratos botânicos, proteção floresta, percevejo bronzeado, parasitoide de ovos, anonaceae, botanical extracts, forest protection, bronze bug, egg parasitoid