Trigona spinipes (Fabr.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) em espécies de maracujazeiro: flutuação populacional, horário de visitação e danos às flores
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Data
2004-04-01
Autores
Boiça Jr, Arlindo L. [UNESP]
Santos, Terezinha M. dos [UNESP]
Passilongo, Jairo [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil
Resumo
Avaliou-se a infestação, flutuação populacional e horário de visitação de Trigona spinipes (Fabr.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) em espécies de maracujazeiro. As espécies utilizadas foram Passiflora coccinea, P. setacea, P. alata, P. edulis f. flavicarpa, P. laurifolia e P. nitida, aos três anos de idade. O ensaio foi conduzido em parcelas de 1,5 m de comprimento, avaliando-se os dois lados da espaldeira, considerando-se apenas o 0,5 m superior desta e totalizando, para os dois lados, a área de 1,5 m². Avaliaram-se os seguintes parâmetros: número de irapuás e porcentagem de dano nos botões florais, flores, frutos, ramos, folhas e pedúnculos. Para a determinação do horário de visitação, foi utilizada P. coccinea, sendo as avaliações realizadas às 9:00h, 12:00h e 15:00h. A correlação entre o número médio de T. spinipes presentes nas flores de espécies de maracujazeiro e a porcentagem de danos foi positiva e significativa (r = 0,99). em nenhuma das observações efetuadas, constatou-se a presença de T. spinipes nos botões florais, frutos, ramos, folhas ou pedúnculos das espécies de maracujazeiro, não ocorrendo danos nessas estruturas. Esse resultado sugere que as abelhas são atraídas pelas flores ocasionando danos nessas estruturas, provavelmente, por utilizar o tecido floral ou resinas contidas neste para a construção de ninhos. P. coccinea foi a espécie mais danificada por T. spinipes, apresentando suscetibilidade ao ataque desse inseto. Os horários de maior incidência de T. spinipes foram 9:00h e 12:00h, ocorrendo decréscimo significativo no número de abelhas por flor às 15:00h. Constatou-se maior infestação de T. spinipes nas flores das plantas de maracujá nos meses de outubro a novembro, coincidindo com a primavera, em Jaboticabal, SP.
Trigona spinipes (Fabr.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) infestation, seasonal fluctuation and flower visitation time were evaluated in the following three-year old passion fruit species: Passiflora coccinea, P. setacea, P. alata, P. edulis f. flavicarpa, P. laurifolia and P. nitida. The trial was conducted in 1.5 m long plots, in which only the top (0.5 m) of both sides of the plant lines were sampled, totaling 1.5 m² of plant area observed per plot. The following parameters were evaluated: number of T. spinipes and percentage of damage on flower-buds, fruits, branches, leaves and stalks. The visitation time of bees was determined in P. coccinea, and the evaluations were carried out at 9:00 AM, 12:00 AM and 3:00 PM. The correlation between the average number of T. spinipes in flowers of passion fruit species and percentage of damage was positive and significant (r = 0.99). The presence or damage of T. spinipes were not verified on flower-buds, fruits, branches, leaves or stalks of all passion fruit species. This result suggests that they are attracted to the flowers causing damage in those plant structures, probably because the bees use flower tissues or resins to build the nests. P. coccinea was the passion fruit species most damaged by T. spinipes, showing susceptibility to the insect attack. The times of highest incidence of T. spinipes were 9:00 AM and 12:00 AM, occurring significant decrease in number of bees at 03:00 PM. High infestation of T. spinipes was observed in passion fruit species from October to November, coinciding with the spring season in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State.
Trigona spinipes (Fabr.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) infestation, seasonal fluctuation and flower visitation time were evaluated in the following three-year old passion fruit species: Passiflora coccinea, P. setacea, P. alata, P. edulis f. flavicarpa, P. laurifolia and P. nitida. The trial was conducted in 1.5 m long plots, in which only the top (0.5 m) of both sides of the plant lines were sampled, totaling 1.5 m² of plant area observed per plot. The following parameters were evaluated: number of T. spinipes and percentage of damage on flower-buds, fruits, branches, leaves and stalks. The visitation time of bees was determined in P. coccinea, and the evaluations were carried out at 9:00 AM, 12:00 AM and 3:00 PM. The correlation between the average number of T. spinipes in flowers of passion fruit species and percentage of damage was positive and significant (r = 0.99). The presence or damage of T. spinipes were not verified on flower-buds, fruits, branches, leaves or stalks of all passion fruit species. This result suggests that they are attracted to the flowers causing damage in those plant structures, probably because the bees use flower tissues or resins to build the nests. P. coccinea was the passion fruit species most damaged by T. spinipes, showing susceptibility to the insect attack. The times of highest incidence of T. spinipes were 9:00 AM and 12:00 AM, occurring significant decrease in number of bees at 03:00 PM. High infestation of T. spinipes was observed in passion fruit species from October to November, coinciding with the spring season in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Stingless bee, Passiflora, Damage, Pollination, Abelha, Passiflora, dano, Polinização
Como citar
Neotropical Entomology. Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil, v. 33, n. 2, p. 135-139, 2004.