Viral load is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and altered monocyte phenotype in acute severe SARS-CoV-2 infection

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Data

2022-07-01

Autores

Romão, Pedro RT
Teixeira, Paula C
Schipper, Lucas
da Silva, Igor
Santana Filho, Paulo
Júnior, Luiz Carlos Rodrigues
Peres, Alessandra
Gonçalves da Fonseca, Simone
Chagas Monteiro, Marta
Lira, Fabio S [UNESP]

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Resumo

Monocytes play a major role in the initial innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Although viral load may correlate with several clinical outcomes in COVID-19, much less is known regarding their impact on innate immune phenotype. We evaluated the monocyte phenotype and mitochondrial function in severe COVID-19 patients (n = 22) with different viral burden (determined by the median of viral load of the patients) at hospital admission. Severe COVID-19 patients presented lower frequency of CD14 + CD16- classical monocytes and CD39 expression on CD14 + monocytes, and higher frequency of CD14 + CD16 + intermediate and CD14-CD16 + nonclassical monocytes as compared to healthy controls independently of viral load. COVID-19 patients with high viral load exhibited increased GM-CSF, PGE-2 and lower IFN-α as compared to severe COVID-19 patients with low viral load (p < 0.05). CD14 + monocytes of COVID-19 patients with high viral load presented higher expression of PD-1 but lower HLA-DR on the cell surface than severe COVID-19 patients with low viral load. All COVID-19 patients presented decreased monocyte mitochondria membrane polarization, but high SARS-CoV-2 viral load was associated with increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. In this sense, higher viral load induces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation associated with exhaustion profile in CD14 + monocytes of severe COVID-19 patients. Altogether, these data shed light on new pathological mechanisms involving SARS-CoV-2 viral load on monocyte activation and mitochondrial function, which were associated with COVID-19 severity.

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CD39, COVID-19, HLA-DR, Immune checkpoints, PD-1, Reactive oxygen species

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International Immunopharmacology, v. 108.