Sentidos do trabalho docente em uma pandemia: uma análise histórico-cultural
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Data
2022-03-11
Autores
Gouvêa, Elisa
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O fenômeno da pandemia do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) trouxe consequências mundiais com significações para a sociedade, ou seja, possui sua expressão objetiva. A esfera da objetividade, entretanto, não caminha sozinha, mas se traduz como vivência, também realizada de forma pessoal, como imagem subjetiva. Essa unidade objetiva-subjetiva congrega elementos cognitivos e afetivos, que representam o fenômeno para os sujeitos como sentidos subjetivos. Assim, com esta pesquisa pretendeu-se apreender os sentidos do trabalho, durante a pandemia, para um grupo de professores e professoras de uma escola pública de um município de pequeno porte, no interior do estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, foram realizados cinco encontros online de um grupo focal formado por quatro docentes (três homens e uma mulher), que lecionavam no Ensino Médio durante o período do ensino remoto, em que foram abordadas temáticas referentes às suas relações de trabalho, familiares, psicológicas e culturais, inseridas no fenômeno da pandemia do novo coronavírus. O olhar teórico-metodológica que orientou esta pesquisa foi a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, e para investigação e produção dos dados, foram utilizados os Núcleos de Significação, metodologia qualitativa própria da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. Os dados produzidos nesta pesquisa levaram à constituição de dois núcleos de significação: 1) Contexto pandêmico e sofrimento docente e 2) Questões estruturais e trabalho docente. A análise dos dados mostra que a pandemia do novo coronavírus intensificou processos de sofrimento que já vinham acometendo professores e professoras no país, e que o uso das TICs contribuiu para a disseminação da ideologia neoliberal na Educação, produzindo o esvaziamento da atividade docente. Entretanto, apesar de reconhecerem os processos de alienação enraizados em suas relações, foi possível verificar que a desesperança não acometeu totalmente os docentes participantes desta pesquisa, de forma que ainda mantinham meios para continuarem motivados para imaginar e criar um futuro melhor.
The pandemic phenomenon of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has brought global consequences with meanings for society that has its objective expression. The sphere of 9 objectivity, however, does not walk alone, but is translated as an experience, also carried out in a personal way, as a subjective image. This objective-subjective unit brings together cognitive and affective elements, which represent the phenomenon for the subjects as subjective meanings. Thus, with this research, it was intended to apprehend the meanings of work, during the pandemic, for a group of teachers, from a public school in a small city, in the interior of the state of São Paulo. To this end, five online meetings were held by a focus group formed by four teachers (three men and one woman), who worked in high school during the remote teaching period. In these groups topics related to their work, family, psychological relationships and culture were addressed, inserted in the phenomenon of the pandemic of the new coronavirus. The theoretical-methodological approach that guided this research was Historical-Cultural Psychology, and for the investigation and production of data, the Nuclei of Significance, a qualitative methodology specific to Historical-Cultural Psychology, were used. The data produced in this research led to the constitution of two nuclei of significance: 1) Pandemic context and teaching suffering and 2) Structural issues and teaching work. Data analysis shows that the new coronavirus pandemic intensified processes of suffering that were already affecting teachers in the country, and that the use of ICTs contributed to the spread of neoliberal ideology in Education, producing the emptying of the senses of teaching activity. However, despite recognizing the processes of alienation rooted in their relationships, it was possible to verify that hopelessness did not fully affect the teachers participating in this research, so that they still maintained ways to remain motivated to imagine and create a better future.
The pandemic phenomenon of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has brought global consequences with meanings for society that has its objective expression. The sphere of 9 objectivity, however, does not walk alone, but is translated as an experience, also carried out in a personal way, as a subjective image. This objective-subjective unit brings together cognitive and affective elements, which represent the phenomenon for the subjects as subjective meanings. Thus, with this research, it was intended to apprehend the meanings of work, during the pandemic, for a group of teachers, from a public school in a small city, in the interior of the state of São Paulo. To this end, five online meetings were held by a focus group formed by four teachers (three men and one woman), who worked in high school during the remote teaching period. In these groups topics related to their work, family, psychological relationships and culture were addressed, inserted in the phenomenon of the pandemic of the new coronavirus. The theoretical-methodological approach that guided this research was Historical-Cultural Psychology, and for the investigation and production of data, the Nuclei of Significance, a qualitative methodology specific to Historical-Cultural Psychology, were used. The data produced in this research led to the constitution of two nuclei of significance: 1) Pandemic context and teaching suffering and 2) Structural issues and teaching work. Data analysis shows that the new coronavirus pandemic intensified processes of suffering that were already affecting teachers in the country, and that the use of ICTs contributed to the spread of neoliberal ideology in Education, producing the emptying of the senses of teaching activity. However, despite recognizing the processes of alienation rooted in their relationships, it was possible to verify that hopelessness did not fully affect the teachers participating in this research, so that they still maintained ways to remain motivated to imagine and create a better future.
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Palavras-chave
Pandemia, Sentidos, Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, Trabalho docente, Educação, Pandemic, Senses, Historical-Cultural Psychology, Teaching job, Education