Aditivo fitogênico para frangos de corte, avaliação do desempenho e digestibilidade
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Data
2021-05-28
Autores
Corrêa, José Hernandes Marangoni
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Aditivos fitogênicos são produtos originados das plantas, que têm efeito positivo sobre a produção e saúde dos animais. Atuam inibindo o crescimento de microrganismos patogênicos no intestino, melhoram a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, estimulam o apetite e consumo de ração, auxiliam a secreção de enzimas digestivas, agem como antioxidantes, aumentam a motilidade intestinal, estimulam o sistema endócrino, imunológico e a atividade anti-inflamatória. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de aditivos fitogênicos nas dietas para frangos de corte em duas fases: 1 a 18 dias e 23 a 41 dias de idade (experimento I), avaliando seu desempenho (consumo de ração, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar) e na fase de 19 a 22 dias (experimento II), analisando seu efeito sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. Nos experimentos foram utilizadas aves da linhagem Cobb®, distribuídas em 5 tratamentos com 6 repetições, totalizando 30 parcelas, com número variado de aves de acordo com cada experimento. O delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em esquema fatorial (2x2+1) foi utilizado, sendo os tratamentos: DF 300 (dieta sem antibiótico com 300 g/t de fitogênico), DF 500 (dieta sem antibiótico com 500 g/t de fitogênico), DS 300 (dieta com sinergismo entre antibiótico e 300 g/t de fitogênico), DS 500 (dieta com sinergismo entre antibiótico e 500 g/t de fitogênico) e DC (dieta controle com antibiótico). O ensaio de digestibilidade foi realizado através da coleta total de excretas, durante 4 dias, com intervalos de 12 horas, ao fim as excretas foram enviadas ao laboratório de bromatologia. A partir das informações analíticas, os coeficientes de digestibilidade de proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e cinzas foram determinados. Os dados de desempenho e digestibilidade foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste SNK a 5% de probabilidade no SISVAR e para comparar cada tratamento com o controle, foi realizado o teste de Dunnett a 5% de probabilidade, utilizando o recurso estatístico do Excel. Através da análise de variância, foi observada diferença significativa (p<0,01) para os coeficientes de digestibilidade do extrato etéreo e cinzas (%), onde o nível de 300 g/t de fitogênico proporcionou os melhores valores. Houve interação significativa (p<0,01) entre os aditivos para o coeficiente de digestibilidade da proteína bruta (%) e, ao avaliar o desdobramento, constatou-se que o tratamento com 300 g/t de aditivo fitogênico, sem e com antibiótico, proporcionaram os melhores valores. Ao comparar cada média dos tratamentos com o controle, foi observado que os tratamentos com 300 g/t de fitogênico, sem ou com antibiótico, proporcionaram valores maiores quando comparados o controle. Para as variáveis de desempenho, nas duas fases, os tratamentos com o uso de aditivo fitogênico demonstraram ser um substituto aos antibióticos, ao manter os mesmos resultados na presença e ausência do antibiótico e ao comparar com o tratamento controle, entre os dois níveis de aditivo fitogênico, o nível de 300 g/t proporcionou os melhores valores de conversão alimentar na fase de 23 a 41 dias. Os tratamentos com a presença de aditivo fitogênico demonstraram ser uma alternativa aos antibióticos para alcançar melhores coeficientes de digestibilidade e desempenho.
Phytogenic additives are products derived from plants, which have a positive effect on the production and health of animals. They act by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in the intestine, improve the digestibility of nutrients, stimulate appetite and feed consumption, aid the secretion of digestive enzymes, act as antioxidants, increase intestinal motility, stimulate the endocrine system, immune and anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of phytogenic additives in diets for broilers chickens in two phases: 1 to 18 days and 23 to 41 days of age (experiment I), evaluating their performance (feed intake, weight gain and conversion food) and in the phase of 19 to 22 days (experiment II), analyzing its effect on the digestibility of nutrients. In the experiments, birds of the Cobb® strain were used, distributed in 5 treatments with 6 replications, totaling 30 plots, with a varied number of birds according to each experiment. The design was completely randomized (DIC) in a factorial scheme (2x2+1), with the treatments: DF 300 (diet without antibiotic with 300 g/ton of phytogenic), DF 500 (diet without antibiotic with 500 g/ton of phytogenic), DS 300 (diet with synergism between antibiotic and 300 g/ton of phytogenic), DS 500 (diet with synergism between antibiotic and 500 g/ton of phytogenic) and DC (control diet with antibiotic). The digestibility test was carried out through the total collection of excreta, during 4 days, with intervals of 12 hours, at the end of the collection, the excreta were sent to the bromatology laboratory. The performance and digestibility data were submitted to analysis of variance and the SNK test at 5% probability in SISVAR and to compare each treatment with the control, the Dunnett test at 5% probability was performed, using the statistical resource of Excel. Through analysis of variance, a significant difference (p<0.01) was observed for the digestibility coefficients of the ether extract and ash (%), where the level of 300 g/ton of phytogenic provided the best values. There was a significant interaction (p<0.01) between the additives for the crude protein digestibility coefficient (%) and when evaluating the split, it appears that the treatment with 300 g/ton of phytogenic additive, without and with antibiotics, provided the best results. When comparing the average of each treatment with the control, it is observed that the treatment with 300 g/ton of phytogenic, without or with antibiotic, provided higher values compared to the control. For the performance variables, in the two phases, the treatments with the use of phytogenic additive proved to be a substitute for antibiotics, maintaining the same results in the presence and absence of the antibiotic and when comparing with the control treatment, between the two levels of the phytogenic. The level of 300 g/ton provided the best feed conversion values for the phase from 23 to 41 days of age. Treatments with the presence of phytogenic additive proved to be an alternative to antibiotics to achieve better digestibility and performance coefficients.
Phytogenic additives are products derived from plants, which have a positive effect on the production and health of animals. They act by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in the intestine, improve the digestibility of nutrients, stimulate appetite and feed consumption, aid the secretion of digestive enzymes, act as antioxidants, increase intestinal motility, stimulate the endocrine system, immune and anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of phytogenic additives in diets for broilers chickens in two phases: 1 to 18 days and 23 to 41 days of age (experiment I), evaluating their performance (feed intake, weight gain and conversion food) and in the phase of 19 to 22 days (experiment II), analyzing its effect on the digestibility of nutrients. In the experiments, birds of the Cobb® strain were used, distributed in 5 treatments with 6 replications, totaling 30 plots, with a varied number of birds according to each experiment. The design was completely randomized (DIC) in a factorial scheme (2x2+1), with the treatments: DF 300 (diet without antibiotic with 300 g/ton of phytogenic), DF 500 (diet without antibiotic with 500 g/ton of phytogenic), DS 300 (diet with synergism between antibiotic and 300 g/ton of phytogenic), DS 500 (diet with synergism between antibiotic and 500 g/ton of phytogenic) and DC (control diet with antibiotic). The digestibility test was carried out through the total collection of excreta, during 4 days, with intervals of 12 hours, at the end of the collection, the excreta were sent to the bromatology laboratory. The performance and digestibility data were submitted to analysis of variance and the SNK test at 5% probability in SISVAR and to compare each treatment with the control, the Dunnett test at 5% probability was performed, using the statistical resource of Excel. Through analysis of variance, a significant difference (p<0.01) was observed for the digestibility coefficients of the ether extract and ash (%), where the level of 300 g/ton of phytogenic provided the best values. There was a significant interaction (p<0.01) between the additives for the crude protein digestibility coefficient (%) and when evaluating the split, it appears that the treatment with 300 g/ton of phytogenic additive, without and with antibiotics, provided the best results. When comparing the average of each treatment with the control, it is observed that the treatment with 300 g/ton of phytogenic, without or with antibiotic, provided higher values compared to the control. For the performance variables, in the two phases, the treatments with the use of phytogenic additive proved to be a substitute for antibiotics, maintaining the same results in the presence and absence of the antibiotic and when comparing with the control treatment, between the two levels of the phytogenic. The level of 300 g/ton provided the best feed conversion values for the phase from 23 to 41 days of age. Treatments with the presence of phytogenic additive proved to be an alternative to antibiotics to achieve better digestibility and performance coefficients.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Coeficiente de digestibilidade, Conversão alimentar, Extratos vegetais, Digestibility coefficient, Food conversion, Plant extracts