Futebol e mulheres no Brasil: um jogo possível?
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Data
2022-05-06
Autores
Vieira, Talita Machado
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar os efeitos do marcador de gênero no processo de construção da carreira de mulheres como jogadoras de futebol. Baseando-se na estratégia metodológica da cartografia, o estudo contou com uma etapa histórico-documental e outra voltada à realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com nove jogadoras de futebol de um clube do interior paulista, sendo cinco da equipe principal e quatro das categorias de base. Desse modo, foi possível percorrer as vicissitudes da modalidade ao longo da história, bem como acompanhar os processos em meio aos quais essas mulheres se produzem como jogadoras de futebol. Tanto no âmbito da história social do futebol de mulheres quanto das trajetórias das atletas, constatou-se a insuficiência da categoria gênero, quando considerada isoladamente, na compreensão das complexas relações de poder e disputas que constituem o universo futebolístico. Além das dificuldades, preconceitos e sofrimentos relatados, campo macropolítico formado pelos sentidos mais estabilizados ao se falar sobre as mulheres no futebol, localizamos, também, movimentações micropolíticas produzidas no cotidiano que favorecem a permanência das mulheres numa instituição que lhes é hostil, bem como sinalizam potencias embrionárias de um jeito outro de se fazer, jogar e viver o futebol. Nesse caso, seu aspecto de produção cultural ganha contornos, primando pela dimensão lúdica e prazerosa do jogar, pelo caráter de sociabilidade coletiva e de amizade na vida esportiva e pelas possibilidades de reinvenção de si, criando modos outros de subjetivação no jogo e na vida.
The present research aimed to investigate the effects of the gender marker in the process of building women’s careers as soccer players. Based on the cartographic methodological strategy, the study included one historic documentary stage and another stage focused on semi-structured interviews with nine female soccer players from a club in the countryside of São Paulo state, being five of them from the main team and four from the youth category teams. Therefore, it was possible to go through the modality vicissitudes throughout history as well as to follow the processes in which these women produce themselves as soccer players. In the scope of both the social history of women's soccer and athletes' trajectories, it was observed the insufficiency of the gender category, when considered individually, in the understanding of power and contests intricate relations that compose the soccer universe. Along with the reported difficulties, prejudices and suffering, the macro-political field formed by the most solid meanings when talking about women in soccer, we also located micropolitical moves that are produced daily and favor this group to stay in an institution that is hostile to them, likewise, these moves indicate embryonic potentials of a different way of doing, playing, and living soccer. In this case, its aspect of cultural production is shaped emphasizing the playful and the pleasurable dimension of playing, the aspect of collective sociability and friendship in sports life, and the possibilities of reinventing oneself creating other ways of subjectivation in the game and life.
The present research aimed to investigate the effects of the gender marker in the process of building women’s careers as soccer players. Based on the cartographic methodological strategy, the study included one historic documentary stage and another stage focused on semi-structured interviews with nine female soccer players from a club in the countryside of São Paulo state, being five of them from the main team and four from the youth category teams. Therefore, it was possible to go through the modality vicissitudes throughout history as well as to follow the processes in which these women produce themselves as soccer players. In the scope of both the social history of women's soccer and athletes' trajectories, it was observed the insufficiency of the gender category, when considered individually, in the understanding of power and contests intricate relations that compose the soccer universe. Along with the reported difficulties, prejudices and suffering, the macro-political field formed by the most solid meanings when talking about women in soccer, we also located micropolitical moves that are produced daily and favor this group to stay in an institution that is hostile to them, likewise, these moves indicate embryonic potentials of a different way of doing, playing, and living soccer. In this case, its aspect of cultural production is shaped emphasizing the playful and the pleasurable dimension of playing, the aspect of collective sociability and friendship in sports life, and the possibilities of reinventing oneself creating other ways of subjectivation in the game and life.
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Palavras-chave
Futebol de mulheres, Gênero, Cartografia, Psicologia Social, Corpo, Women’s soccer