Museu, historiografia e patrimônio: a trajetória do Museu do Tropeiro e a institucionalização de um lugar de memória
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Data
2022-04-07
Autores
Mayer, Milena Santos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A pesquisa tem como fio condutor a investigação e a análise da trajetória do Museu do Tropeiro, instituição museológica localizada no interior do Brasil, na cidade de Castro, estado do Paraná. Desde o final da década de 1970 o museu seleciona, conserva, pesquisa e expõe uma determinada perspectiva acerca do comércio de gado muar na região Sul e suas implicações sociais e culturais no município. A atividade tropeira iniciou-se no período colonial a partir da necessidade do transporte de animais pelo território brasileiro. Essa prática pode ser avaliada como um fenômeno global, uma vez que o uso de animais foi, durante muito tempo, o principal meio de transporte da humanidade. Entretanto, no Brasil meridional, este movimento se desenvolveu com a peculiaridade da comercialização e do deslocamento do gado muar. As tropas de mulas eram transportadas da região dos pampas, que hoje corresponde ao estado do Rio Grande do Sul, até a cidade de Sorocaba, no estado de São Paulo. Na sequência eram vendidas para serem utilizadas em outros pontos do país como meio de transporte às pessoas e às mercadorias. Desta forma, foram constituídos extensos caminhos que possibilitaram a integração de parte do território brasileiro que estava distante do relativamente conhecido litoral. Os tropeiros, homens que conduziam e comercializavam estes animais, necessitavam pernoitar ou assentar em determinados locais para o próprio descanso e para o restabelecimento das tropas. Um dos principais pontos de parada era a região dos Campos Gerais, no atual estado do Paraná. Propícia pela sua vegetação de campo, a região tem como organização administrativa mais antiga o atual município de Castro, originalmente “Pouso do Iapó”. Passados aproximadamente 200 anos, em 1977, a cidade inaugurou o seu Museu Público Municipal, que além de temático, foi o primeiro do país dedicado à história da atividade tropeira. Posto isto, a tese busca compreender contradições e circunstâncias que envolveram a criação do Museu, sua trajetória e suas implicações à comunidade. Os resultados foram obtidos a partir da análise da produção historiográfica sobre a atividade tropeira, da massa documental institucional produzida entre os anos de 1975 e 2007, bem como das reflexões teórico-metodológicas ancoradas em autores como Pierre Nora, Jacques Le Goff, Françoise Choay, Ulpiano Bezerra de Meneses José Reginaldo Gonçalves e Nestor Canclini, entre outros autores que pensaram os conceitos de memória e patrimônio cultural. Instrumentalizada pelas estratégias propostas pela Micro-história, esta pesquisa almejou perceber a historicidade do Museu do Tropeiro enquanto um lugar de memória com o objetivo de analisar especificidades que envolveram o conjunto de ações sociais estabelecidas a partir de um museu, diante das problemáticas suscitadas pelos processos de seleção e/ou o reconhecimento de um patrimônio cultural.
The research is based on the investigation and analysis of the trajectory of the 'Museu do Tropeiro', a museological institution located in the interior of Brazil, in the city of Castro, state of Paraná. Since the end of the 1970s, the museum selects, preserves, researches, and exhibits a certain perspective about the cattle mule trade muar in the southern region and its social and cultural implications in the municipality. The muleteer activity started in the colonial period from the need to transport animals through the Brazilian territory. This practice can be evaluated as a global phenomenon, since the use of animals was, for a long time, the main means of transportation for mankind. However, in southern Brazil, this movement developed with the peculiarity of trading and moving cattle muar. The troops of mules were transported from the pampas region, which today corresponds to the state of Rio Grande do Sul, to the city of Sorocaba, in the state of São Paulo. They were then sold to be used in other parts of the country as a means of transportation for people and goods. In this way, extensive roads were built, which enabled the integration of part of the Brazilian territory that, until then, was far from the known and populated coast. The muleteers, the men who drove and traded these animals, needed to stay overnight or settle in certain places for their own rest and for the troops' recovery. One of the main stopping points was the Campos Gerais region, in the current state of Paraná. Propitious for its field vegetation, the region has as its oldest administrative organization the current municipality of Castro, originally "Pouso do Iapó". Approximately 200 years later, in 1977, the city inaugurated its Municipal Public Museum, which, besides being thematic, was the first in the country dedicated to the history of the muleteer activity. Having said this, the thesis seeks to understand contradictions and circumstances that involved the creation of the Museum, its trajectory and its implications to the community. The results were obtained from the analysis of the historiographic production about the muleteer activity, the institutional documental mass produced between the years 1975 and 2007, as well as from theoretical and methodological reflections anchored in authors such as Pierre Nora, Jacques Le Goff, Françoise Choay, Ulpiano Bezerra de Meneses José Reginaldo Gonçalves and Nestor Canclini, among other authors who have thought about the concepts of memory and cultural heritage. Instrumentalized by the strategies proposed by Microhistory, this research aimed to understand the historicity of the Museu do Tropeiro as a place of memory. The goal was to analyze specificities that involved the set of social actions established from the museum, in face of the problems raised by the processes of selection and/or recognition of the aforementioned cultural heritage.
The research is based on the investigation and analysis of the trajectory of the 'Museu do Tropeiro', a museological institution located in the interior of Brazil, in the city of Castro, state of Paraná. Since the end of the 1970s, the museum selects, preserves, researches, and exhibits a certain perspective about the cattle mule trade muar in the southern region and its social and cultural implications in the municipality. The muleteer activity started in the colonial period from the need to transport animals through the Brazilian territory. This practice can be evaluated as a global phenomenon, since the use of animals was, for a long time, the main means of transportation for mankind. However, in southern Brazil, this movement developed with the peculiarity of trading and moving cattle muar. The troops of mules were transported from the pampas region, which today corresponds to the state of Rio Grande do Sul, to the city of Sorocaba, in the state of São Paulo. They were then sold to be used in other parts of the country as a means of transportation for people and goods. In this way, extensive roads were built, which enabled the integration of part of the Brazilian territory that, until then, was far from the known and populated coast. The muleteers, the men who drove and traded these animals, needed to stay overnight or settle in certain places for their own rest and for the troops' recovery. One of the main stopping points was the Campos Gerais region, in the current state of Paraná. Propitious for its field vegetation, the region has as its oldest administrative organization the current municipality of Castro, originally "Pouso do Iapó". Approximately 200 years later, in 1977, the city inaugurated its Municipal Public Museum, which, besides being thematic, was the first in the country dedicated to the history of the muleteer activity. Having said this, the thesis seeks to understand contradictions and circumstances that involved the creation of the Museum, its trajectory and its implications to the community. The results were obtained from the analysis of the historiographic production about the muleteer activity, the institutional documental mass produced between the years 1975 and 2007, as well as from theoretical and methodological reflections anchored in authors such as Pierre Nora, Jacques Le Goff, Françoise Choay, Ulpiano Bezerra de Meneses José Reginaldo Gonçalves and Nestor Canclini, among other authors who have thought about the concepts of memory and cultural heritage. Instrumentalized by the strategies proposed by Microhistory, this research aimed to understand the historicity of the Museu do Tropeiro as a place of memory. The goal was to analyze specificities that involved the set of social actions established from the museum, in face of the problems raised by the processes of selection and/or recognition of the aforementioned cultural heritage.
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Palavras-chave
Museu do Tropeiro, Patrimônio Cultural, Lugar de Memória, Cultural Heritage