Compartimento Taquacetuba: contribuição dos tributários e do reservatório Billings (SP) na qualidade da água e do sedimento
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Data
2022-03-23
Autores
Gargiulo, Jose Ricardo Baroldi Ciqueto
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivo. A pesquisa objetivou avaliar a qualidade da água do Compartimento Taquacetuba, Reservatório Billings (SP, Brasil), por meio da análise abiótica da água, abiótica do sedimento, incluindo metais potencialmente tóxicos e biótica da comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos como bioindicadores. O compartimento tem múltiplos usos como abastecimento público de água e pesca profissional. Métodos: Amostragem na entrada do compartimento (P1), no ponto de captação de água para transposição para abastecimento público de água (P2) e na foz dos principais tributários formadores do compartimento (P3 a P6). Coletas concentraram-se nos períodos chuvoso e seco 2017. Resultados. O Compartimento Taquacetuba apresentou em todos os pontos certo grau semelhante de comprometimento ambiental, com níveis na água de condutividade elétrica, clorofila α e fósforo total acima dos limites da legislação, em super ou hipereutrofia. Em relação aos metais potencialmente tóxicos do sedimento, nenhuma evidência que pudesse indicar provável efeito tóxico à biota foi encontrada. Em relação ao zoobentos, apenas foi observada presença de táxons semi-tolerante e tolerante a poluição orgânica. O P1 foi o ponto com maior estresse ambiental, com piora da qualidade da água no período chuvoso, diferentemente dos demais pontos que mostraram melhora da qualidade com chuvas. O P2 mostrou tendência a maiores concentrações de clorofila, na estiagem, correspondentes à hipereutrofia. O P3, drenagem córregos Colônia e Vermelho, na seca, mostrou tendência a maiores níveis na água de nitrogênio amoniacal, nitrato e nitrogênio total. O P4, foz Córrego Taquacetuba, mostrou na água menores valores de oxigênio dissolvido na estiagem, com amostras em desacordo com a legislação, além de altas concentrações de todos os parâmetros abióticos do sedimento em ambos os períodos, porém, somente durante o período chuvoso com tendência a maiores concentrações desses parâmetros. O P5, foz rio Monos - Barragem Guarani, e o P6, foz rio Curucutu, mostraram melhores condições com tendência a maiores níveis na água de oxigênio e menor turbidez nas chuvas além de melhores condições do sedimento embora com tendência a maiores concentrações dos parâmetros durante o período chuvoso.
Aim. The research aimed to evaluate the water and sediment quality of Taquacetuba Compartment, Billings Reservoir (SP, Brazil), through analysis of abiotic water data, abiotic sediment data, including potentially toxic metals and biotic and benthic macroinvertebrate community as bioindicators. The Taquacetuba Compartment has multiple uses such as public water supply and professional fishing activity. Methods: Sampling at the compartment entrance (P1), close to the water catchment point for transposition for public water supply (P2) and in the mouths of the main tributaries forming the compartment (P3 to P6). The collections were concentrated in the rainy and dry periods of 2017. Results: The Taquacetuba Compartment presented at all points a similar degree of environmental compromise, with levels of electrical conductivity, chlorophyll α and total phosphorus in the water above the limits of the legislation, in super or hypereutrophy. Regarding the potentially toxic metals in the sediment, no evidence was found that could indicate a probable toxic effect on the biota. Regarding zoobenthos, only semi-tolerant and tolerant taxa to organic pollution were observed. The P1, compartment entrance, presented the greatest environmental stress, with worsening of water quality in rains, while other points showed an improvement in rainfall. The P2 was evidenced by the trend of higher concentrations of chlorophyll α, during the drought, with values corresponding hypereutrophic state. The P3, drainage from the Colônia and Vermelho Streams presented in the drought a tendency towards higher concentrations in water of ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate, and total nitrogen. The P4, drainage of the Taquacetuba Stream, showed a tendency to lower values of dissolved oxygen in the water, in the dry season, with samples in disagreement with the legislation, in addition to high concentrations of all abiotic parameters of the sediment in both periods, however, only during the rainy season with a tendency to higher concentrations of these parameters. The P5, drainage from Monos River – Guarani Dam, and the P6, drainage Curucutu River, showed better conditions, with a tendency to higher levels of oxygen in the water and less turbidity in the rains, in addition to better sediment conditions, although with a tendency to higher concentrations of the parameters during the rainy season.
Aim. The research aimed to evaluate the water and sediment quality of Taquacetuba Compartment, Billings Reservoir (SP, Brazil), through analysis of abiotic water data, abiotic sediment data, including potentially toxic metals and biotic and benthic macroinvertebrate community as bioindicators. The Taquacetuba Compartment has multiple uses such as public water supply and professional fishing activity. Methods: Sampling at the compartment entrance (P1), close to the water catchment point for transposition for public water supply (P2) and in the mouths of the main tributaries forming the compartment (P3 to P6). The collections were concentrated in the rainy and dry periods of 2017. Results: The Taquacetuba Compartment presented at all points a similar degree of environmental compromise, with levels of electrical conductivity, chlorophyll α and total phosphorus in the water above the limits of the legislation, in super or hypereutrophy. Regarding the potentially toxic metals in the sediment, no evidence was found that could indicate a probable toxic effect on the biota. Regarding zoobenthos, only semi-tolerant and tolerant taxa to organic pollution were observed. The P1, compartment entrance, presented the greatest environmental stress, with worsening of water quality in rains, while other points showed an improvement in rainfall. The P2 was evidenced by the trend of higher concentrations of chlorophyll α, during the drought, with values corresponding hypereutrophic state. The P3, drainage from the Colônia and Vermelho Streams presented in the drought a tendency towards higher concentrations in water of ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate, and total nitrogen. The P4, drainage of the Taquacetuba Stream, showed a tendency to lower values of dissolved oxygen in the water, in the dry season, with samples in disagreement with the legislation, in addition to high concentrations of all abiotic parameters of the sediment in both periods, however, only during the rainy season with a tendency to higher concentrations of these parameters. The P5, drainage from Monos River – Guarani Dam, and the P6, drainage Curucutu River, showed better conditions, with a tendency to higher levels of oxygen in the water and less turbidity in the rains, in addition to better sediment conditions, although with a tendency to higher concentrations of the parameters during the rainy season.
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Palavras-chave
Limnologia, Eutrofização, Reservatórios, Metais pesados, Macroinvertebrados bentônicos, Limnology DLC, Eutrophication, Reservoirs, Benthic macroinvertebrates