Influência do aumento da temperatura sobre a toxicidade de agrotóxicos para a biota aquática: uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise sob a perspectiva das mudanças climáticas.
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Data
2021-10-05
Autores
Souza, Cristiane Marinho de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Desastre é considerado o resultado de eventos adversos, naturais ou provocados pelo ser humano sobre um cenário vulnerável, causando perturbação ao funcionamento de uma comunidade envolvendo perdas e danos humanos, materiais, econômicos ou ambientais. Desastre meteorológico, subgrupo temperatura extrema, tipo ondas de calor, é definido por temperaturas extremas com ondas de calor onde as temperaturas fiquem acima de um valor normal esperado do planeta e é a principal previsão das mudanças climáticas globais. No cenário das mudanças globais do clima, degradação do solo, proliferação de espécies nocivas e perdas associadas na produção agrícola é provável que o uso de agrotóxicos se intensifique, bem como o transporte desses produtos químicos ao meio ambiente. Nesse contexto, estudos têm destacado a influência da temperatura nos efeitos tóxicos dos poluentes para a biota aquática. A presente pesquisa, por meio de uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise, levantou, comparou e analisou estudos sobre o aumento da temperatura e na toxicidade de pesticidas para a biota aquática. Foram pesquisados estudos experimentais que avaliaram efeitos do aumento nos valores de temperatura sobre a ação de pesticidas para organismos aquáticos de água doce (microalgas, invertebrados e vertebrados) em termos de alterações nas medidas de aptidão, respostas moleculares e regulação fisiológica. Os agrotóxicos foram classificados como levemente e moderadamente perigosos. As bases de dados disponíveis nos sites da Science Direct, Scielo e Web of Science foram utilizadas para a realização da revisão bibliográfica seguindo o protocolo PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2009). Utilizou-se o pacote R (versão 2.15.1; R Development Core Team 2012) “Metafor” para a realização da meta-análise. Sessenta artigos que avaliaram respostas biológicas de organismos de água doce à exposição isolada e combinada de agroquímicos e temperatura foram revisados e seis estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão desta pesquisa. Em geral, a meta-análise indicou efeitos mais negativos sobre os organismos na exposição combinada entre agroquímicos e elevados valores de temperatura. As variáveis respostas mais afetadas pelo estressor agrotóxico isolado, elevação de temperatura isolada e a combinação de ambos os estressores foram aptidão e alterações morfológicas. Microalga e invertebrados foram mais sensíveis aos estressores isolados e em associação em comparação aos vertebrados. Esta pesquisa contribuiu com maiores esclarecimentos sobre as interações do aumento de temperatura e a presença de agrotóxicos para a biota aos ecossistemas de água doce, relacionado às mudanças climáticas.
Disaster is considered the result of adverse events, natural or manmade, in a vulnerable scenario, causing disturbance to the functioning of the community involving human, material, economic or environmental losses and damages. Meteorological disaster, subgroup extreme temperature, like heat waves, is defined by extreme temperatures with heat waves where temperatures are above a normal expected value of the planet is the main prediction of global climate change. In the context of global climate change, soil degradation, proliferation of harmful species and associated losses in agricultural production, it is likely that the use of pesticides will intensify, as well as the transport of these chemicals to the environment. In this context, studies have highlighted the influence of temperature on the toxic effects of pollutants on aquatic biota. The present research, through a systematic review study with meta-analysis, raised, compared and analyzed studies on the evaluation of temperature increase in pesticide toxicity to aquatic biota. Experimental studies that evaluated the effects of increasing temperature values on the action of pesticides on freshwater aquatic organisms (microalgae, invertebrates and vertebrates) in terms of changes in fitness measures, molecular responses and physiological regulation were investigated. Pesticides were classified as mildly and moderately hazardous. The databases available on the Science Direct, Scielo and Web of Science websites were used to carry out the literature review following the PRISMA protocol (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2009). The R package (version 2.15.1; R Development Core Team 2012) “Metafor” was used to carry out meta-analysis. Sixty articles that evaluated biological responses of freshwater organisms to isolated and combined exposure to agrochemicals and temperature were reviewed and six studies met the inclusion criteria for this research. In general, the meta-analysis indicated more negative effects on organisms in the combined exposure between agrochemicals and high temperature values. Aptitude and morphological changes were the responses most affected by the isolated pesticide stressor, isolated temperature rise and the combination of both stressors. Microalgae and invertebrates were more sensitive to isolated and associated stressors compared to vertebrates This research contributed further clarification on the interactions of temperature increase and the presence of pesticides for biota to freshwater ecosystems, related to climate change.
Disaster is considered the result of adverse events, natural or manmade, in a vulnerable scenario, causing disturbance to the functioning of the community involving human, material, economic or environmental losses and damages. Meteorological disaster, subgroup extreme temperature, like heat waves, is defined by extreme temperatures with heat waves where temperatures are above a normal expected value of the planet is the main prediction of global climate change. In the context of global climate change, soil degradation, proliferation of harmful species and associated losses in agricultural production, it is likely that the use of pesticides will intensify, as well as the transport of these chemicals to the environment. In this context, studies have highlighted the influence of temperature on the toxic effects of pollutants on aquatic biota. The present research, through a systematic review study with meta-analysis, raised, compared and analyzed studies on the evaluation of temperature increase in pesticide toxicity to aquatic biota. Experimental studies that evaluated the effects of increasing temperature values on the action of pesticides on freshwater aquatic organisms (microalgae, invertebrates and vertebrates) in terms of changes in fitness measures, molecular responses and physiological regulation were investigated. Pesticides were classified as mildly and moderately hazardous. The databases available on the Science Direct, Scielo and Web of Science websites were used to carry out the literature review following the PRISMA protocol (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2009). The R package (version 2.15.1; R Development Core Team 2012) “Metafor” was used to carry out meta-analysis. Sixty articles that evaluated biological responses of freshwater organisms to isolated and combined exposure to agrochemicals and temperature were reviewed and six studies met the inclusion criteria for this research. In general, the meta-analysis indicated more negative effects on organisms in the combined exposure between agrochemicals and high temperature values. Aptitude and morphological changes were the responses most affected by the isolated pesticide stressor, isolated temperature rise and the combination of both stressors. Microalgae and invertebrates were more sensitive to isolated and associated stressors compared to vertebrates This research contributed further clarification on the interactions of temperature increase and the presence of pesticides for biota to freshwater ecosystems, related to climate change.
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desastres, pesticidas, ecossistemas, aquáticos, aquecimento, disasters, ecotoxicology, pesticides, aquatic, ecosystems, heating