Atributos químicos do solo e distribuição do sistema radicular do cafeeiro arábica sob calagem e gessagem
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Data
2022-03-04
Autores
Marcon, Jaqueline Aparecida [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O desempenho da cultura está diretamente relacionado com seu sistema radicular, pois é através dele que a planta absorve água e nutrientes, essenciais ao seu desenvolvimento. A maior parte da cafeicultura brasileira está instalada em solos ácidos, com altos teores de Al3+ e deficientes em Ca2+, fatores que restringem o crescimento radicular das plantas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição do sistema radicular do cafeeiro arábica sob aplicação de calcário e gesso, bem como relacioná-la a características químicas do solo e com a produtividade da cultura. O experimento foi instalado em lavoura café (Catuaí Amarelo - IAC 74), no munícipio de Manduri-SP, em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com oito tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da aplicação de doses de calcário, associado ou não ao gesso, aplicados em faixa sob a projeção da copa ou em área total, sendo: T1 - sem aplicação; T2 - dose recomendada de calcário, aplicada em faixa; T3 - dobro da dose de calcário, aplicada em faixa; T4 - dose recomendada de gesso, aplicada em faixa; T5 - dose recomendada de calcário + gesso, aplicados em faixa; T6 - dobro da dose de calcário + gesso, aplicados em faixa; T7 - dobro da dose de calcário, aplicados em área total; T8 - dobro da dose de calcário + gesso, aplicados em área total. Foram avaliadas as características químicas do solo, a distribuição do sistema radicular das plantas, a resistência mecânica do solo à penetração, os teores de nutrientes nas folhas, a altura e índice de área foliar das plantas e produtividade de grãos. A calagem em faixa promoveu maior redução da acidez e elevação os teores de Ca2+ e Mg2+ no perfil do solo da projeção da copa e também melhor distribuição do sistema radicular do cafeeiro. Por outro lado, a calagem em área total proporcionou melhorias mais significativas nos atributos químicos na entrelinha, principalmente nas camadas mais superficiais do solo. A aplicação do dobro da dose de calcário associado ou não ao gesso e aplicado em faixa, promoveu maior correção da acidez do solo e incremento de Ca2+ na projeção da copa das plantas, proporcionando maiores valores de comprimento, área superficial e matéria seca de raízes do cafeeiro, com melhor distribuição do sistema radicular no perfil do solo.
The crop performance is directly related to its root system, because it is through it that the plant uptakes water and nutrients, essential for its development. Most of the Brazilian coffee plantations is cultivated in acidic soils, with high levels of Al3+ and deficient in Ca2+, factors that restrict the root growth of plants. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the distribution of the root system of Arabica coffee under limestone and phophogypsum application, as well as to relate it to soil chemical attributes and crop yield. The experiment was carried out in a coffee plantation (Catuaí Amarelo - IAC 74), in the municipality of Manduri-SP, in a randomized block design, with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of the application of limestone rates, associated or not with phophogypsum, applied as a surface band under the canopy projection of the plants or uniformly broadcast-applied all over the area, being: T1 - without application; T2 - recommended limestone rate band applied; T3 - double the limestone rate band applied; T4 - recommended phosphogypsum rate band applied; T5 - recommended limestone rate + phosphogypsum band applied; T6 - double the the limestone rate + phosphogypsum broadcast applied; T7 - double the the limestone rate broadcast applied; T8 - double the the limestone rate + phosphogypsum broadcast applied. Soil chemical attributes, plant root system distribution, soil mechanical resistance to penetration, leaf nutrient concentration, plant height, leaf area index, and grain yield were evaluated. Broadcastapplied limestone promoted a greater reduction in acidity and an increase in Ca2+ and Mg2+ levels in the soil profile of the canopy projection and also better distribution of the coffee root system. On the other hand, limestone uniformly broadcast-applied all over the area provided more significant improvements in the chemical attributes between the rows, mainly in the more superficial layers of the soil. The application of twice the amount of limestone, associated or not with phosphogypsum and band-applied under canopy projection, promoted a greater amelioration of soil acidity and an increase of Ca2+ under the projection of the canopy of the plants, providing greater values of length, surface area, and dry matter of roots of the coffee plant, with better distribution of the root system in the soil profile.
The crop performance is directly related to its root system, because it is through it that the plant uptakes water and nutrients, essential for its development. Most of the Brazilian coffee plantations is cultivated in acidic soils, with high levels of Al3+ and deficient in Ca2+, factors that restrict the root growth of plants. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the distribution of the root system of Arabica coffee under limestone and phophogypsum application, as well as to relate it to soil chemical attributes and crop yield. The experiment was carried out in a coffee plantation (Catuaí Amarelo - IAC 74), in the municipality of Manduri-SP, in a randomized block design, with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of the application of limestone rates, associated or not with phophogypsum, applied as a surface band under the canopy projection of the plants or uniformly broadcast-applied all over the area, being: T1 - without application; T2 - recommended limestone rate band applied; T3 - double the limestone rate band applied; T4 - recommended phosphogypsum rate band applied; T5 - recommended limestone rate + phosphogypsum band applied; T6 - double the the limestone rate + phosphogypsum broadcast applied; T7 - double the the limestone rate broadcast applied; T8 - double the the limestone rate + phosphogypsum broadcast applied. Soil chemical attributes, plant root system distribution, soil mechanical resistance to penetration, leaf nutrient concentration, plant height, leaf area index, and grain yield were evaluated. Broadcastapplied limestone promoted a greater reduction in acidity and an increase in Ca2+ and Mg2+ levels in the soil profile of the canopy projection and also better distribution of the coffee root system. On the other hand, limestone uniformly broadcast-applied all over the area provided more significant improvements in the chemical attributes between the rows, mainly in the more superficial layers of the soil. The application of twice the amount of limestone, associated or not with phosphogypsum and band-applied under canopy projection, promoted a greater amelioration of soil acidity and an increase of Ca2+ under the projection of the canopy of the plants, providing greater values of length, surface area, and dry matter of roots of the coffee plant, with better distribution of the root system in the soil profile.
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Palavras-chave
cafeeiro, acidez do solo, calagem, gessagem, raízes, coffee tree, soil acidity, liming, plaster, roots