Produção de biomassa e proteína utilizando um sistema aquícola multitrófico em comunidades familiares na Mata Atlântica sob a perspectiva da economia circular
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Data
2022-02-22
Autores
Heitzman, Beatriz Soares
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A aquicultura integrada multitrófica (AIMT) é um processo de produção que permite a utilização dos resíduos e efluentes como insumos para produção de outros organismos de forma associada e mais sustentável. A utilização das Lemnáceas apresenta elevada eficiência nos processos de biorremediação dos efluentes da piscicultura. A biomassa vegetal das plantas serve como fonte de moléculas de alto valor agregado obtidos da reutilização e geração de novos bioprodutos sob a perspectiva da bioeconomia, destacando a produção de proteínas, lipídeos, pigmentos e minerais. O objetivo deste estudo foi implantar um sistema AIMT com Clarias gariepinus e Lemna minor em propriedades familiares na região de Mata Atlântica em São Paulo, Brasil e avaliar este sistema em relação a eficiência na biorremediação de nutrientes dissolvidos e redução do Índice de Estado Trófico (IET). Além disto, avaliou-se a composição química da biomassa seca da planta aquática para definir o potencial na utilização como bioprodutos em outros setores da indústria. Foi implantado um sistemas AIMT, de fluxo contínuo de água, com diferentes manejos em três unidades familiares (UFs), sendo: Sistema I – Utilização da L.minor no sistema de decantação com colheita da planta em 15 e 60 dias. Sistema II – Utilização da L.minor no sistema de decantação com tempo de colheita da planta em 30 dias. A avaliação dos sistemas demonstrou que a L. minor foi eficiente na biorremediação no sistema II, com a remoção de 100% NH4, 93,15% NO3, 87,81% PO4. Assim, a L.minor proporcionou a redução média do IET de supereutrófico para oligotrófico no sistema II. A biomassa seca L. minor obteve altos teores de proteínas (35-36%) e minerais, como os macronutrientes P, K, Ca (12,33; 15,67; 16,33 g.kg-1) e micronutrientes Fe, Mn, Zn (323,00; 183,33; 131,00 mg.kg-1). A quantidade de β-caroteno foi 0,61 mg.g-1, astaxantina 540 μg.g-1 e a razão de ácidos graxos n-6/n-3 foi 0,93:1. Os resultados evidenciaram o potencial de uso da L. minor integrada com C. gariepinus em um sistema AIMT para tratamento de efluentes e geração de novos bioprodutos oriundos de processos circulares de produção praticados em unidades familiares aquícolas instaladas na região de Mata Atlântica.
Integrated multitrophic aquaculture (AIMT) is a production process that allows the use of waste and effluents as inputs to produce other organisms in an associated and more sustainable way. The use of Lemnaceae presents high efficiency in the processes of bioremediation of fish farming effluents. The plant biomass of plants serves as a source of molecules of high added value obtained from the reuse and generation of new bioproducts from the perspective of the bioeconomy, highlighting the production of proteins, lipids, pigments and minerals. The objective of this study was to implement an AIMT system with Clarias gariepinus and Lemna minor on family farms in the Atlantic Forest region of São Paulo, Brazil and to evaluate this system in relation to the efficiency in bioremediation of dissolved nutrients and reduction of the Trophic State Index (IET). Furthermore, the chemical composition of the dry biomass of the aquatic plant was evaluated to define the potential for use as bioproducts in other sectors of the industry. AIMT system was implemented, with continuous water flow, with different managements in three family units (FUs), as follows: System I: Use of L.minor in the decantation system with harvest of aquatic plant in 15th and 60th days. System II: Use of L.minor in the settling system with a harvest time of 30 days. The evaluation of the system showed that L. minor was efficient both in bioremediation in system II, with the removal of 100% NH4, 93.15% NO3, 87.81% PO4. Thus, L.minor provided the average reduction of the ETI from supereutrophic to oligotrophic in system II. The dry biomass of L. minor obtained high levels of proteins (35-36%) and minerals, such as the macronutrients P, K, Ca (12.33; 15.67; 16.33 g.kg-1) and micronutrients Fe, Mn, Zn (323.00; 183.33; 131.00 mg.kg-1). The amount of β-carotene was 0.61 mg.g-1, astaxanthin 540 μg.g-1 and the ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids was 0.93:1. The results showed the potential use of L. minor integrated with C. gariepinus in an AIMT system for effluent treatment and generation of new byproducts from circular production processes practiced in aquaculture family units installed in the Atlantic Forest region.
Integrated multitrophic aquaculture (AIMT) is a production process that allows the use of waste and effluents as inputs to produce other organisms in an associated and more sustainable way. The use of Lemnaceae presents high efficiency in the processes of bioremediation of fish farming effluents. The plant biomass of plants serves as a source of molecules of high added value obtained from the reuse and generation of new bioproducts from the perspective of the bioeconomy, highlighting the production of proteins, lipids, pigments and minerals. The objective of this study was to implement an AIMT system with Clarias gariepinus and Lemna minor on family farms in the Atlantic Forest region of São Paulo, Brazil and to evaluate this system in relation to the efficiency in bioremediation of dissolved nutrients and reduction of the Trophic State Index (IET). Furthermore, the chemical composition of the dry biomass of the aquatic plant was evaluated to define the potential for use as bioproducts in other sectors of the industry. AIMT system was implemented, with continuous water flow, with different managements in three family units (FUs), as follows: System I: Use of L.minor in the decantation system with harvest of aquatic plant in 15th and 60th days. System II: Use of L.minor in the settling system with a harvest time of 30 days. The evaluation of the system showed that L. minor was efficient both in bioremediation in system II, with the removal of 100% NH4, 93.15% NO3, 87.81% PO4. Thus, L.minor provided the average reduction of the ETI from supereutrophic to oligotrophic in system II. The dry biomass of L. minor obtained high levels of proteins (35-36%) and minerals, such as the macronutrients P, K, Ca (12.33; 15.67; 16.33 g.kg-1) and micronutrients Fe, Mn, Zn (323.00; 183.33; 131.00 mg.kg-1). The amount of β-carotene was 0.61 mg.g-1, astaxanthin 540 μg.g-1 and the ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids was 0.93:1. The results showed the potential use of L. minor integrated with C. gariepinus in an AIMT system for effluent treatment and generation of new byproducts from circular production processes practiced in aquaculture family units installed in the Atlantic Forest region.
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Palavras-chave
Biorremediação, Bioprodutos, Bioeconomia, Índice de estado trófico, Lemna minor, Bioremediation, Bioproducts, Bioeconomy, Trophic state index, Nutrientes