A interface entre a legislação federal brasileira sobre o licenciamento ambiental de usinas hidrelétricas e a aquicultura
Carregando...
Data
2022-05-03
Autores
Vidal, Mayara Venturini
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta dissertação foi escrita no modelo de revisão de literatura e nela focamos em apresentar um histórico da legislação federal brasileira sobre licenciamento ambiental de usinas hidrelétricas e sua interface com a preservação das comunidades de peixes selvagens, especialmente as migradoras. Para tanto, discutimos brevemente a legislação federal relativa ao licenciamento ambiental de usinas hidrelétricas e a legislação específica sobre a reparação de danos ambientais causados pelos barramentos às comunidades de peixes. A matriz elétrica brasileira também foi abordada, destacando-se a significativa contribuição da energia produzida pelos empreendimentos hidrelétricos. E ainda, apresentamos um breve estudo de caso da Usina Hidrelétrica de Ilha Solteira, uma das usinas do país que realiza programas de preservação e conservação da ictiofauna, inclusive através de um programa de repovoamento de peixes. Uma avaliação desse processo histórico no Brasil indica que as medidas de mitigação, impostas para obter licenças de operação, variam entre os empreendimentos hidrelétricos; e que esta heterogeneidade nas condições impostas pode ter efeitos (de proporções desconhecidas) nas comunidades locais de peixes. Nesta revisão, também apresentamos uma discussão sobre uma medida de mitigação comumente usada, os "programas de repovoamento de peixes", os quais apresentam potencial para fomentar a pesca e aquicultura, mas carecem de embasamento científico sobre sua eficácia e forma correta de aplicação. Esta revisão mostra que há questões políticas e científicas a serem debatidas e exploradas, para aprimorar as políticas públicas sobre esse tema de extrema relevância para a sociedade.
This dissertation was written in the literature review model and in it we focused on presenting a history of the Brasilian federal legislation on the environmental licensing of hydroelectric power plants and its intersection with the preservation of wild native fishes communities, specially reophilic species. To that end, we briefly discuss Brazilian federal legislation concerning the environmental licensing of hydroelectric power plants and specific legislation on the repair of environmental damage caused by barriers to fishes communities. The Brazilian electric matrix was also addressed, thus highlighting the significant contribution of the energy produced by hydroelectric projects. Also, we present a brief case study of the Ilha Solteira Hydroelectric Power Plant, one of the plants in the country that carries out programs for the preservation and conservation of ichthyofauna, including through a fishes repopulation program. An assessment of this historical process in Brazil indicates that different mitigation measures imposed to obtain operating licenses vary among hydroelectric projects; and that this heterogeneity in the conditions imposed may have effects (of unknown proportions) on local fishes communities. In this review we also present a discussion of a commonly used mitigation measure, the "fishes restocking programs", which have potential to promote fishing and aquaculture, but still lack scientific basis on their effectiveness and correct application. This review shows that there are political and scientific issues to be debated and explored, to improving public policies on this topic of extreme relevance for society.
This dissertation was written in the literature review model and in it we focused on presenting a history of the Brasilian federal legislation on the environmental licensing of hydroelectric power plants and its intersection with the preservation of wild native fishes communities, specially reophilic species. To that end, we briefly discuss Brazilian federal legislation concerning the environmental licensing of hydroelectric power plants and specific legislation on the repair of environmental damage caused by barriers to fishes communities. The Brazilian electric matrix was also addressed, thus highlighting the significant contribution of the energy produced by hydroelectric projects. Also, we present a brief case study of the Ilha Solteira Hydroelectric Power Plant, one of the plants in the country that carries out programs for the preservation and conservation of ichthyofauna, including through a fishes repopulation program. An assessment of this historical process in Brazil indicates that different mitigation measures imposed to obtain operating licenses vary among hydroelectric projects; and that this heterogeneity in the conditions imposed may have effects (of unknown proportions) on local fishes communities. In this review we also present a discussion of a commonly used mitigation measure, the "fishes restocking programs", which have potential to promote fishing and aquaculture, but still lack scientific basis on their effectiveness and correct application. This review shows that there are political and scientific issues to be debated and explored, to improving public policies on this topic of extreme relevance for society.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ictiofauna, Licenciamento ambiental, Políticas públicas, Reparação de danos, Usinas hidrelétricas