Transtornos mentais e comportamentais decorrentes do contexto labor-ambiental: contribuições do Nexo Técnico Epidemiológico Previdenciário para a promoção da saúde mental do trabalhador
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Data
2022-04-13
Autores
Machado, Caio Mendes Guimarães Marcondes
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Dentre as doenças ocupacionais previstas na legislação brasileira, destacam-se nesta pesquisa as denominadas mentais e comportamentais, as quais podem ser desencadeadas por algum fator labor-ambiental, culminando no adoecimento mental do trabalhador. Acompanhando as modernizações sociais e as consequentes inovações em relação ao cenário laboral, a concepção de meio ambiente do trabalho também sofreu diversas mudanças ao longo do tempo. Atualmente, a partir da perspectiva labor-ambiental, observa-se que o locus laboral contempla muito mais do que o espaço físico de trabalho, abarcando um conjunto de fatores psicológicos, sociais, políticos, geográficos, entre outros, os quais influenciam dinâmica e constantemente a saúde do trabalhador. Não bastasse, as novas formas de trabalho e o processo de flexibilização do Direito do Trabalho, a partir da Lei nº 13.467/2017, influenciam diretamente na matéria em questão, de modo a ressignificar o entendimento de trabalho e sua inter-relação com o trabalhador. Assim, propõe o presente estudo identificar os transtornos mentais e do comportamento (CID-10 F00-F99) relacionados ao contexto labor-ambiental a partir do exame do Nexo Técnico Epidemiológico Previdenciário, bem como analisar quais aspectos labor-ambientais relacionam-se com tais transtornos, favorecendo, assim, aventar medidas preventivas para a manutenção do equilíbrio labor-ambiental e para a preservação da saúde mental do trabalhador. Para tanto, será adotado, como método de procedimento, o levantamento por meio da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica em materiais publicados; e, como método de abordagem, o dedutivo, visando, a partir da noção de meio ambiente do trabalho e do exame dos transtornos mentais e do comportamento afetos ao contexto labor-ambiental, conforme a CID-10 (F00-F99) e o NTEP, identificar aspectos labor-ambientais relacionados a esses transtornos, bem como medidas preventivas para a manutenção do equilíbrio do meio ambiente do trabalho e para a preservação da saúde mental do trabalhador. Conclui-se que o NTEP é um importante instrumento de promoção da saúde mental do trabalhador, tendo em vista a sua capacidade de sanar, em muitos casos, adversidades enfrentadas pelos trabalhadores, principalmente na caracterização dos transtornos mentais e de comportamento como decorrentes do contexto labor-ambiental. No entanto, as medidas preventivas, capazes de promover a saúde mental do trabalhador e um meio ambiente do trabalho equilibrado, ainda devem ser implantadas.
Among the occupational diseases provided for in Brazilian legislation, the so-called mental and behavioral diseases stand out in this research, which can be triggered by some labor-environmental factor, culminating in the worker's mental illness. Following social modernization and the consequent innovations in relation to the work scenario, the conception of the work environment has also undergone several changes over time. Currently, from the labor-environmental perspective, it is observed that the labor locus contemplates much more than the physical workspace, encompassing a set of psychological, social, political, geographic factors, among others, which dynamically and constantly influence worker's health. As if it were not enough, the new forms of work and the process of flexibilization of Labor Law, from Law nº 13.467/2017, directly influence the matter in question, to re-signify the understanding of work and its interrelation with the worker. Thus, the present study proposes to identify mental and behavioral disorders (CID-10 F00-F99) related to the labor-environmental context from the examination of the Social Security Epidemiological Technical Nexus, as well as to analyze which labor-environmental aspects are related to such disorders, thus favoring the devising of preventive measures for the maintenance of the work-environmental balance and for the preservation of the worker's mental health. For that, it will be adopted, as a method of procedure, the survey through the technique of bibliographic research in published materials; and, as a method of approach, the deductive one, aiming, from the notion of the work environment and the examination of mental disorders and behavior related to the work-environmental context, according to the ICD-10 (F00-F99) and the NTEP, to identify labor-environmental aspects related to these disorders, as well as preventive measures to maintain the balance of the work environment and to preserve the worker's mental health. It is concluded that the NTEP is an important instrument for promoting workers' mental health, given its ability to remedy, in many cases, adversities faced by workers, mainly in the characterization of mental and behavioral disorders as resulting from the labor environmental context. However, preventive measures capable of promoting worker mental health and a balanced work environment must still be implemented.
Among the occupational diseases provided for in Brazilian legislation, the so-called mental and behavioral diseases stand out in this research, which can be triggered by some labor-environmental factor, culminating in the worker's mental illness. Following social modernization and the consequent innovations in relation to the work scenario, the conception of the work environment has also undergone several changes over time. Currently, from the labor-environmental perspective, it is observed that the labor locus contemplates much more than the physical workspace, encompassing a set of psychological, social, political, geographic factors, among others, which dynamically and constantly influence worker's health. As if it were not enough, the new forms of work and the process of flexibilization of Labor Law, from Law nº 13.467/2017, directly influence the matter in question, to re-signify the understanding of work and its interrelation with the worker. Thus, the present study proposes to identify mental and behavioral disorders (CID-10 F00-F99) related to the labor-environmental context from the examination of the Social Security Epidemiological Technical Nexus, as well as to analyze which labor-environmental aspects are related to such disorders, thus favoring the devising of preventive measures for the maintenance of the work-environmental balance and for the preservation of the worker's mental health. For that, it will be adopted, as a method of procedure, the survey through the technique of bibliographic research in published materials; and, as a method of approach, the deductive one, aiming, from the notion of the work environment and the examination of mental disorders and behavior related to the work-environmental context, according to the ICD-10 (F00-F99) and the NTEP, to identify labor-environmental aspects related to these disorders, as well as preventive measures to maintain the balance of the work environment and to preserve the worker's mental health. It is concluded that the NTEP is an important instrument for promoting workers' mental health, given its ability to remedy, in many cases, adversities faced by workers, mainly in the characterization of mental and behavioral disorders as resulting from the labor environmental context. However, preventive measures capable of promoting worker mental health and a balanced work environment must still be implemented.
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Palavras-chave
Meio ambiente do trabalho, Nexo Técnico Epidemiológico Previdenciário, Saúde mental do trabalhador, Work environment, Social Security Epidemiological Technical Nexus, Worker's mental health