Índice de inclusão social de catadores de resíduos: elaboração por uma abordagem fuzzy
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Data
2022-05-17
Autores
Pazin, Matheus
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos é extremamente importante para a manutenção do bem-estar populacional, do meio ambiente e da saúde coletiva, sendo discutida e idealizada em encontros internacionais. Tal gestão é bastante complexa e envolve diversos atores e diversas frentes, devendo ser eficiente e responsável. Os catadores de materiais recicláveis se configuram como atores essenciais dentro da dinâmica dos sistemas de gestão, participando ativamente de diversas etapas do ciclo de vida dos resíduos e sendo os grandes protagonistas da reciclagem no Brasil. Tal importância, contudo, não é traduzida em qualidade de vida e inclusão social para esta categoria de profissionais. Dentro deste contexto, foi desenvolvido neste trabalho um índice de gestão utilizando lógica fuzzy que visa avaliar a inclusão social dos catadores de resíduos a nível municipal. Para tal finalidade, foram construídos 3 sistemas fuzzy, utilizando um total de 6 variáveis de entrada: Quantidade de Cooperados, Percentual de Catadores Associados, Rendimento Médio Mensal, Creche, Contato com Trabalhos Sociais e Condições de Trabalho. Para cada sistema, há uma variável de saída que define seu nome: Presença de Cooperados, Situação dos Cooperados e Nível de Inclusão Social. Cada sistema é composto por uma base de regras, totalizando 70 regras na soma dos 3 sistemas. O índice multi-sistemas foi inteiramente construído utilizando-se o Software Livre R e testado por meio de simulações de cenários hipotéticos, mostrando-se bastante coerente e promissor. O índice de inclusão social de catadores de resíduos pode ser utilizado para localizar deficiências, qualidades e oportunidades de melhora no que tange não apenas a gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, mas também o trabalho e a vida dos catadores, auxiliando os gestores públicos nas tomadas de decisão.
The urban solid waste management is extremely important for the maintenance of the population’s welfare, environment and collective health, being discussed and idealized in international meetings. Such management is very complex and involves several fronts and several performers, and it must be efficient and responsible. The recyclable material collectors are essential performers within the waste management systems, actively participating on many phases of the wastes life cycle and being the major responsible of the recycling in Brazil. Such importance, however, is not converted into life quality and social inclusion for these professionals. In this context, a management index was developed in this work using fuzzy logic aiming the evaluation of the social inclusion of recyclable material collectors at municipal level. For this purpose, 3 fuzzy systems were built, including a total of 6 input variables: Quantity of Cooperative Members, Percentage of Cooperative Members, Average Monthly Income, Nursery, Contact with Social Assistance and Training Courses and Work Conditions. For each system, there is an output variable which defines its name: Presence of Cooperative Members, Situation of Cooperative Members, Level of Social Inclusion. Each system contains its own rule bases, totalizing 70 rules. The multi-systems index was entirely built using the R Software and it was tested by scenario simulation, proving to be very coherent and promising. The index of social inclusion of recyclable collectors can be used to find deficiencies, qualities and improvement opportunities on not only the urban solid waste management field, but also on the work and life of the collectors, helping the decision making processes of the urban managers.
The urban solid waste management is extremely important for the maintenance of the population’s welfare, environment and collective health, being discussed and idealized in international meetings. Such management is very complex and involves several fronts and several performers, and it must be efficient and responsible. The recyclable material collectors are essential performers within the waste management systems, actively participating on many phases of the wastes life cycle and being the major responsible of the recycling in Brazil. Such importance, however, is not converted into life quality and social inclusion for these professionals. In this context, a management index was developed in this work using fuzzy logic aiming the evaluation of the social inclusion of recyclable material collectors at municipal level. For this purpose, 3 fuzzy systems were built, including a total of 6 input variables: Quantity of Cooperative Members, Percentage of Cooperative Members, Average Monthly Income, Nursery, Contact with Social Assistance and Training Courses and Work Conditions. For each system, there is an output variable which defines its name: Presence of Cooperative Members, Situation of Cooperative Members, Level of Social Inclusion. Each system contains its own rule bases, totalizing 70 rules. The multi-systems index was entirely built using the R Software and it was tested by scenario simulation, proving to be very coherent and promising. The index of social inclusion of recyclable collectors can be used to find deficiencies, qualities and improvement opportunities on not only the urban solid waste management field, but also on the work and life of the collectors, helping the decision making processes of the urban managers.
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Palavras-chave
Resíduos sólidos, Reaproveitamento (Sobras, refugos, etc.), Fuzzy sets, Catadores de lixo, Indústria de reciclagem, Recycling (Waste, etc.), Ragpickers, Recycling industry DLC