Desempenho de ovinos confinados alimentados com silagem de ração total contendo capim mombaça
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Data
2020-02-21
Autores
Sant'Anna, Milton Augusto Cassiano
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A silagem de ração total (SRT) é resultado da ensilagem conjunta do volumoso e do concentrado que pode substituir as misturas diárias para o preparo da ração total (RT). Além das vantagens operacionais, a SRT tem sido cada vez mais investigadas em países Asiáticos pela possibilidade de aproveitamento de coprodutos regionais. Desta forma, SRT seria viável em países tropicais onde a produção dos capins tropicais é abundante, mas os elevados teores de umidade não condicionam a uma capacidade de fermentação desejada, havendo muitas perdas de MS e modificações nutricionais. Desta forma, o objetivo com este projeto foi avaliar a utilização da SRT contendo capim Mombaça em substituição a RT na alimentação de cordeiros confinados sobre o desempenho e qualidade de carne e carcaça. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da UNESP de Ilha Solteira, foram considerados cordeiros não castrados como modelo de ruminante. O delineamento escolhido foi em blocos completos casualizados com 8 blocos (n=16 cada bloco). Os tratamentos correspondem a duas estratégias de mistura do volumoso com o concentrado, representadas pela RT e SRT para duas alturas de colheita do capim Mombaça, a 70 e 130 cm de altura. As dietas foram balanceadas para os animais de acordo com a sua necessidade nutricional, apresentando 50% da MS na forma de volumoso (capim Mombaça) assim os tratamentos correspondem a, RT_70: RT composta por capim Mombaça colhido a 70 cm de altura e ensilado com 15% de polpa cítrica na MS + 35% de concentrado (mistura diária); SRT_70: SRT composta por capim Mombaça colhido a 70 cm de altura e 50% de concentrado; RT_130: RT composta por capim Mombaça colhido a 130 cm de altura ensilado com 15% de polpa cítrica na MS + 35% de concentrado (mistura diária) e SRT_130: SRT composta por capim Mombaça colhido a 130 cm de altura e 50% de concentrado. Foram avaliados nos animais o ganho médio diário de peso, eficiência alimentar, consumo individual e qualidade e rendimento de carcaça. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando o teste de Shapiro Wilk para verificar a normalidade dos resíduos e a retirada de outliers foi realizada com base no r de student com 5% de significância. O consumo de PB aumentou gerando uma diferença significativa de rações na altura do Capim-Mombaça colhido à 130 cm. Também o consumo de FDN, apresentou diferença significativa de rações tanto na altura 70 cm quanto na altura 130 cm. O GMD mostrou uma diferença significativa de rações no fator altura do Capim-Mombaça colhido à 130 cm, sendo os maiores ganhos observados para os cordeiros alimentados com RT, o mesmo não tendo sido observado no peso vivo final e a EA dos cordeiros. Também na QC, não houve efeito de ração em nenhuma das alturas, o mesmo ocorrendo com a EPC. Para AOL, houve efeito de ração somente na altura 130 cm, indicando um consumo maior de PB. No geral, não houve diferença no desempenho animal em função das dietas. O capim pode ser colhido nas alturas 70 e 130 cm sem prejuízo para o desempenho dos animais, rejeitando-se a hipótese de melhor desempenho no fator altura 70 cm e na SRT, sendo possível a recomendação desta técnica aos produtores pela sua praticidade.
The total feed silage (TFS) is a result of the combined ensiling of the forage and the concentrate that can replace the diary mixes for the preparation of the total feed (TF). Besides the operational advantages, the TFS have been researchedin asian countries because of the possibility of the utilization of regional co-products with high nutrition valve, but, due to high humidity level bolcks the storage of the product for long periods. Therefore, TFS would be viablein tropical countries where the production of tropical grasses is abundant, but the high humidity levels don’t condiction to a desired fermentation capacity, occuring lots of losses of DM bromatologic quimic composition. Therefore, the goal of this project was to examine the utilization of the TFS with Mombassa grass, reptacing the TF in the feed of enclosed lambs about the quality and performance of meat ans carcass. The experimente has been acomplished in the Research, Education na Extension farm of UNESP, in Ilha Solteira; non-cadastred lambs have been considerated as na example of ruminant. The chosen trial design was in blocks design factorial arrangment 2x2 and 8 replications. The factors match to (i) two strategies of mixing the forage and the concentrate represent by the TFS na TF; and (ii) two Heights of the Mombassa grass harvest, between 70 a 130 cm high. The diets have been balanced for the animals according to their nutritional necessities, presenting 50% of DM in the voluminous form (Mombassa grass). That way, the treatments correspond to TFS 70: TFS composed by Mombassa grass picked at 70 cm high and 50% of concentrated; TFS 130: TFS composed by Mombassa grass picked at 130 cm high and 50% of concentrated; TF 70: TF composed by Mombassa grass picked at 70 cm high, ensiled with 15% of citric pulp in the DM + 35% of comcentrate (diary mix) and TF 130: composed by Mombassa grass picked at 130 cm high, ensiled with 15% of citric pulp in the DM + 35% of concentrate (diary mix). It has been analyzed in the animals yhe medium diary gain of weiht, feed efficiency, individual consuption and quality and performance of carcass. The statistics analyses have been performes by the statistic program SAS, aplying the F Snedecor test at 5% of significance. The protein consumption increased causing a significant difference on the height fator (Mombassa grass picked at 130 cm high). On the other hand, the INND DM and INND N consumption had significant interaction between the height and feed factors. The fiber (FND and FAD), INND N, INND DM, INAD N and INAD DM consumption presented significant difference on the feed factor, causing na increase on the TF. The médium weigh gain, the final alive weigh and the feed efficiency of the lambs showed a significant difference on the height factor (Mombassa grass picked at 130 cm high). On the carcass quality, there was interaction between the feed and height factors and significant difference on the height factor eye loin área, the same happening with the carcass thickness.
The total feed silage (TFS) is a result of the combined ensiling of the forage and the concentrate that can replace the diary mixes for the preparation of the total feed (TF). Besides the operational advantages, the TFS have been researchedin asian countries because of the possibility of the utilization of regional co-products with high nutrition valve, but, due to high humidity level bolcks the storage of the product for long periods. Therefore, TFS would be viablein tropical countries where the production of tropical grasses is abundant, but the high humidity levels don’t condiction to a desired fermentation capacity, occuring lots of losses of DM bromatologic quimic composition. Therefore, the goal of this project was to examine the utilization of the TFS with Mombassa grass, reptacing the TF in the feed of enclosed lambs about the quality and performance of meat ans carcass. The experimente has been acomplished in the Research, Education na Extension farm of UNESP, in Ilha Solteira; non-cadastred lambs have been considerated as na example of ruminant. The chosen trial design was in blocks design factorial arrangment 2x2 and 8 replications. The factors match to (i) two strategies of mixing the forage and the concentrate represent by the TFS na TF; and (ii) two Heights of the Mombassa grass harvest, between 70 a 130 cm high. The diets have been balanced for the animals according to their nutritional necessities, presenting 50% of DM in the voluminous form (Mombassa grass). That way, the treatments correspond to TFS 70: TFS composed by Mombassa grass picked at 70 cm high and 50% of concentrated; TFS 130: TFS composed by Mombassa grass picked at 130 cm high and 50% of concentrated; TF 70: TF composed by Mombassa grass picked at 70 cm high, ensiled with 15% of citric pulp in the DM + 35% of comcentrate (diary mix) and TF 130: composed by Mombassa grass picked at 130 cm high, ensiled with 15% of citric pulp in the DM + 35% of concentrate (diary mix). It has been analyzed in the animals yhe medium diary gain of weiht, feed efficiency, individual consuption and quality and performance of carcass. The statistics analyses have been performes by the statistic program SAS, aplying the F Snedecor test at 5% of significance. The protein consumption increased causing a significant difference on the height fator (Mombassa grass picked at 130 cm high). On the other hand, the INND DM and INND N consumption had significant interaction between the height and feed factors. The fiber (FND and FAD), INND N, INND DM, INAD N and INAD DM consumption presented significant difference on the feed factor, causing na increase on the TF. The médium weigh gain, the final alive weigh and the feed efficiency of the lambs showed a significant difference on the height factor (Mombassa grass picked at 130 cm high). On the carcass quality, there was interaction between the feed and height factors and significant difference on the height factor eye loin área, the same happening with the carcass thickness.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Capim tropical, Consumo, Cordeiros, Dieta, Ganho de peso, Tropical grass, Consumption, Lambs, Diet, Gain of weight