Análise espacial e pesquisa molecular de Toxoplasma gondii em amostras de leite bovino de tanque de expansão procedentes de pequenas propriedades de agricultura familiar
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Data
2022-05-27
Autores
Manzini, Suzane
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A toxoplasmose é uma zoonose causada pelo protozoário Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Apresenta relevância na saúde animal e humana devido os felídeos serem os únicos hospedeiros definitivos, e os humanos e outras espécies animais serem hospedeiros intermediários. No humano, a infecção é comum e a manifestação clínica tem maior importância em pessoas imunossuprimidas e na transmissão transplacentária. O consumo do leite cru ou não pasteurizado é considerado um fator de risco e possível via de transmissão de taquizoítos, como pode ser verificado em alguns estudos no leite caprino; entretanto, no leite bovino, há poucos estudos acerca da presença de T. gondii no leite dessa espécie. Desta forma, este estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar pela técnica molecular de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase convencional (cPCR) e Nested PCR a presença de T. gondii em amostras de leite bovino de 102 tanques de expansão, coletadas de pequenas propriedades de agricultura familiar em oito municípios da região Centro-Oeste Paulista. A cPCR foi realizada com os primers TOX4/TOX5 e a Nested PCR foram realizadas com os primers TgNP1/TgNP2 e Tg18s48F/Tg18s359R. Como resultado, foi possível detectar DNA de T. gondii em 19 amostras (18,63%). Para os primers TOX4 e TOX5, cinco amostras foram positivas (4,90%) e para os primers TgNP1/TgNP2, treze (12,74%) amostras foram positivas. Para o Filo Apicomplexa, com os primers Tg18s48F/Tg18s359R, uma (01) amostra foi positiva (0,98%), confirmando-se tratar-se de T. gondii, com 100% de similaridade. Tais resultados indicam um alerta para a importância do leite cru bovino como fonte de infecção para T. gondii, tendo em vista o hábito ainda muito comum do consumo e utilização do leite cru para a produção de queijo e manteiga em pequenas propriedades de agricultura familiar, cujo leite e derivados constitui-se como fonte de renda ao produtor.
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). It has relevance in animal and human health because felids are the only definitive hosts, and humans and other animal species are intermediate hosts. In humans, the infection is common and the clinical manifestation is more important in immunosuppressed people and in transplacental transmission. The consumption of raw or unpasteurized milk is considered a risk factor and possible route of transmission of tachyzoites, as can be seen in some studies in goat milk; however, in bovine milk, there are few studies about the presence of T. gondii. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the presence of T. gondii in 102 bulk tank milk samples, collected from small family farms in eight municipalities of Midwest region of São Paulo. cPCR was performed with TOX4/TOX5 primers and Nested PCR was carry out with TgNP1/TgNP2 and Tg18s48F/Tg18s359R primers. As a result, it was possible to detect T. gondii DNA in 19 samples (18.63%). For the TOX4 /TOX5 primers, five samples were positive (4.90%) and for the TgNP1/TgNP2 primers, thirteen (12.74%) samples were positive. For Phylum Apicomplexa, with primers Tg18s48F/Tg18s359R, one (01) sample was positive (0.98%), confirming that it was T. gondii with 100% similarity. These results indicate an alert for the importance of raw bovine milk as a source of infection for T. gondii, in view of the still very common habit of consumption and use of raw milk for the production of cheese and butter on small family farms, whose milk and dairy products constitutes a source of income for the producer.
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). It has relevance in animal and human health because felids are the only definitive hosts, and humans and other animal species are intermediate hosts. In humans, the infection is common and the clinical manifestation is more important in immunosuppressed people and in transplacental transmission. The consumption of raw or unpasteurized milk is considered a risk factor and possible route of transmission of tachyzoites, as can be seen in some studies in goat milk; however, in bovine milk, there are few studies about the presence of T. gondii. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the presence of T. gondii in 102 bulk tank milk samples, collected from small family farms in eight municipalities of Midwest region of São Paulo. cPCR was performed with TOX4/TOX5 primers and Nested PCR was carry out with TgNP1/TgNP2 and Tg18s48F/Tg18s359R primers. As a result, it was possible to detect T. gondii DNA in 19 samples (18.63%). For the TOX4 /TOX5 primers, five samples were positive (4.90%) and for the TgNP1/TgNP2 primers, thirteen (12.74%) samples were positive. For Phylum Apicomplexa, with primers Tg18s48F/Tg18s359R, one (01) sample was positive (0.98%), confirming that it was T. gondii with 100% similarity. These results indicate an alert for the importance of raw bovine milk as a source of infection for T. gondii, in view of the still very common habit of consumption and use of raw milk for the production of cheese and butter on small family farms, whose milk and dairy products constitutes a source of income for the producer.
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Diagnóstico, Leite, Saúde Única, Toxoplasmose em animais, Zoonose, Diagnosis, Milk, One Health, Toxoplasmosis, Zoonosis, Bovino de leite